Bioscience Evidence 2026, Vol.16, No.4, 264-276 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 270 were monitored, and growth parameters of M. rosenbergii, including final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, were measured. Compared with the treatment without microorganisms, both B. subtilis and compound effective microorganisms reduced total nitrogen levels in the culture water. The probiotic treatment significantly increased final body weight and growth rate while reducing feed conversion ratio, indicating that improved water conditions promoted prawn growth and feed utilization. Health indicators showed that B. subtilis treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme, and acid phosphatase activities while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content. These results indicate that probiotics not only improve pond water quality but also enhance antioxidant capacity and immune function of M. rosenbergii. By reducing water pollution through microbial regulation and decreasing dependence on water exchange, aquaculture stability can be improved. 4.4 Practical cases of ecological aquaculture models for water environment improvement In addition to microbial regulation, Chinese M. rosenbergii aquaculture has increasingly adopted polyculture and integrated farming systems to improve pond environments. Xu et al. (2024) studied the effects of co-culture of M. rosenbergii and Macrobrachium nipponense on pond water environments. The study compared M. rosenbergii monoculture and M. rosenbergii–M. nipponense polyculture systems, monitoring ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, phosphate, sulfide, and other water quality indicators, while also analyzing phytoplankton community changes. During the later culture period, phosphate, nitrite, sulfide, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were lower in the polyculture ponds than in monoculture ponds. Meanwhile, phytoplankton diversity increased and the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms was significantly delayed. M. nipponense could utilize some organic debris and residual feed from the pond bottom, reducing pollutant accumulation and improving water quality. Ni et al. (2021) conducted a white shrimp-M. rosenbergii polyculture experiment in the Hangzhou Bay region to evaluate the effects of different stocking combinations on production performance and health risks. Under suitable stocking densities, the polyculture system did not reduce shrimp survival or growth performance and improved economic benefits. The study recommended a stocking density of approximately 900 000 white shrimp/ha and 150 000 M. rosenbergii/ha. However, when the density of M. rosenbergii increased further, the abundance of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas in the culture water increased, indicating that excessive stocking density may increase disease risks. Hou et al. (2025) studied the effects of stocking density of all-male M. rosenbergii on production performance in rice-prawn integrated farming systems (Figure 2). Different stocking densities of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 individuals/m² were established to compare changes in prawn growth, rice yield, and economic benefits. Low-density treatments produced larger individuals but lower total production, whereas high-density treatments increased total yield but reduced prawn size. Considering rice production and aquaculture benefits together, approximately 2.0 individuals/m² achieved better economic performance, and model analysis suggested an optimal density range of 0.90~1.85 individuals/m². Benthic organisms are an important food source for M. rosenbergii in rice-prawn systems, contributing more than supplementary artificial feed. This indicates that maintaining a favorable ecological environment can improve natural feed utilization efficiency and reduce dependence on external inputs in integrated rice-prawn farming systems. 4.5 Case Study of Shangyu Xinda Ecological Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Shaoxing City Shaoxing Shangyu Xinda Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. is a leading agricultural enterprise in Shaoxing City, with a contracted total breeding area of approximately 1 500 mu. The company has long collaborated with the Institute of Hydrobiology at Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, continuously introducing advanced ecological breeding technologies, water quality regulation solutions, green disease prevention and control, and refined feeding management models to fully replace traditional extensive breeding methods. By scientifically managing breeding density, purifying aquaculture water, and standardizing breeding processes, the company effectively enhances standardized breeding levels, ensures safe and controllable aquatic products, and achieves a win-win situation for both ecological environmental protection and high-efficiency breeding (Figure 3).
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