Bioscience Evidence 2026, Vol.16, No.4, 264-276 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 264 Research Insight Open Access Water Quality Regulation for Sustainable Production of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Jinfeng Pan1,2 1 Shaoxing Shangyu Xinda Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, 312365, Zhejiang, China 2 Zhejiang Agronomist College, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 790686881.@qq.com Bioscience Evidence, 2026, Vol.16, No.4 doi: 10.5376/be.2026.16.0020 Received: 15 Jun., 2026 Accepted: 22 Jul., 2026 Published: 30 Jul., 2026 Copyright © 2026 Pan, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Pan J.F., 2026, Water quality regulation for sustainable production of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), Bioscience Evidence, 16(4): 264-276 (doi: 10.5376/be.2026.16.0020) Abstract Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is an important freshwater aquaculture species worldwide. However, with the increase in farming density and intensification, problems such as water eutrophication, dissolved oxygen fluctuations, ammonia nitrogen accumulation, and algae imbalance have gradually become major factors limiting the sustainable development of the industry. This study summarizes the effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrogen compounds, water transparency, and algal dynamics on the growth, survival, and health of M. rosenbergii. It also analyzes the application effects of water environment management strategies, including aeration management, biofloc technology, probiotic regulation, precise feeding, and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. Based on practical cases of pond culture, biofloc farming, ecological polyculture, and rice–prawn integrated farming in Zhejiang Province, China, this study discusses the positive effects of water quality improvement on growth performance, immune health, feed utilization efficiency, and economic benefits. Optimization of a single water quality indicator is difficult to meet the requirements of high-density aquaculture. A comprehensive management model combining microbial regulation, ecological circulation, and digital monitoring can effectively improve pond environmental stability, reduce farming risks, and achieve coordinated improvement of production and ecological benefits. In the future, precise water quality regulation systems based on the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and climate-adaptive management will become an important direction for promoting the green, efficient, and sustainable development of the M. rosenbergii industry. Keywords Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Water quality regulation; Biofloc technology; Probiotics; ecological aquaculture; Sustainable production 1 Introduction Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is one of the most important freshwater crustacean aquaculture species worldwide. Due to its relatively fast growth, large body size, high market value, and strong environmental adaptability, it has developed into an extensive aquaculture industry in Asia and other tropical and subtropical regions. Global production has remained at a high level for a long time, although fluctuations occur among different years and statistical methods. In 2018, the aquaculture production reached 237 124 t with a production value of more than 1.93 billion US dollars (Pillai et al., 2022). The global production in 2018 was also reported as 234 400 t (Tan and Wang, 2022), while in 2021 it reached 313 756 t with a production value exceeding 2.45 billion US dollars, of which China accounted for 54.4% (Pillai and Panda, 2024). This species has important economic value in countries such as China, Bangladesh, Thailand, Myanmar, India, and Malaysia, and is considered an important species for increasing farmers' income, expanding the supply of high-quality aquatic products, and promoting the diversification of inland aquaculture. During the culture of M. rosenbergii, water environmental conditions are the key driving factors determining growth, survival, immunity, and final yield. Among these factors, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and nitrogen metabolites are particularly important. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture can provide a more stable ecological environment for M. rosenbergii by using plants, filter-feeding fish, and bivalves to jointly absorb nitrogen and phosphorus, regulate phytoplankton biomass, and increase dissolved oxygen. This approach has shown potential for achieving both ecological and economic benefits (Dong et al., 2018).
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