Bioscience Evidence 2026, Vol.16, No.4, 249-263 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 252 yields. These results show that pheromone traps are effective not only for monitoring but also for reducing adult pest populations (Arain et al., 2025). Studies on integrated trapping systems have shown that combining colored sticky traps, sex pheromones, and ultraviolet light traps can improve the capture of several important rice pests. However, different pest species respond differently to light sources. For example, rice leaffolders show negative responses to some ultraviolet light components. Therefore, trapping systems should be selected according to the biology and behavior of the target pest (Zeng et al., 2025). Biopesticides and biological control agents provide another important option for eco-friendly pest management. A wide range of biological control agents, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, have been tested against rice pests. Among them, Metarhizium, Beauveria, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have shown good activity against several important rice pests. Eco-friendly pest management does not completely exclude chemical insecticides. Instead, it recommends using selective insecticides only when pest populations reach the action threshold. This approach reduces unnecessary pesticide applications while minimizing negative effects on natural enemies and the ecological functions of rice fields (Figure 1). Figure 1 Field-based evidence of integrated eco-friendly pest management approaches for improving sustainability of high-quality rice production 3 Field Evidence from High-Quality Rice Production 3.1 Case study 1: green pest management demonstration fields in Zhejiang province, China Zhejiang Province has standardized ecological engineering practices and promoted them on a large scale in rice production. The main measures include maintaining beneficial vegetation along field edges, planting nectar-producing plants on field bunds, using trap plants, releasing Trichogramma parasitoids when needed, and
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