IJMVR_2025v15n1

1 Introduction	4
2 Structure and Function of Immune System Genes in	5
2.1 Key immune system components and pathways	5
2.2 Classification of immune genes: innate vs. ada	5
2.3 Comparison of immune gene function across mamm	5
3 Genomic Advances in Studying Canid Immunity	5
3.1 Sequencing and annotation of canid genomes	5
3.2 Identification and cataloging of immune genes	5
3.3 Limitations and challenges in canid genomics	6
4 Evolutionary Mechanisms Shaping Immune Genes	6
4.1 Natural selection and immune gene variability	6
4.2 Gene duplication and diversification in canids	7
4.3 Horizontal gene transfer and immune system evo	7
5 Immune System Adaptations in Wild Canids	7
5.1 Immune challenges in wolves and coyotes	7
5.2 Unique immune traits in arctic and desert cani	7
5.3 Role of pathogen pressure in shaping immune ge	7
6 Immune System Genes in Domestic Dogs	8
6.1 Evolutionary history of domestication and immu	8
6.2 Influence of artificial selection on immune ge	9
6.3 Comparative analysis of wild vs. domestic cani	9
7 Comparative Genomics of Canids and Other Mammals	9
7.1 Insights from comparative studies with non-can	9
7.2 Immune gene evolution across carnivoran lineag	9
7.3 Broader implications for mammalian immunity	9
8 Genomic Responses to Emerging Pathogens in Canid	10
8.1 Historical pathogen outbreaks and genomic sign	10
8.2 Modern threats: rabies, distemper, and zoonoti	11
8.3 Potential for genomic monitoring of pathogen r	11
9 Case Study: Evolution of the Major Histocompatib	11
9.1 Overview of the MHC and its role in immune res	11
9.2 Comparative analysis of MHC genes in wolves, c	11
9.3 Implications for conservation and disease resi	12
10 Conclusion and Future Directions	12

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