Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 61-68 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 67 integration”. Through these technologies, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of disease resistance can be achieved, and new disease resistance genes can be found (Raboanatahiry et al., 2022). This can also help us select disease-resistant varieties faster. By using molecular markers, we can know in advance which seedlings are more resistant to disease and speed up the breeding process. 8.4 Importance of international collaboration and resource sharing for resistance research Breeding is not something a country can do alone. Disease resistance research needs everyone to do together. Sharing seeds, data and breeding methods among different countries will allow us to understand the principles of resistance faster and can also help breed disease-resistant rape varieties suitable for different regions (Bocianowski et al., 2024). Different places have different climates and bacterial environments. If research can be conducted in multiple countries, resistance genes that are stable in multiple environments can be found, which can expand the selection of breeding (Li et al., 2016). Acknowledgments The author sincerely thanks Professor Chen from the Institute of Biotechnology for his revision suggestions, and colleagues thank two peer reviewers for their suggestions and colleagues for providing literature materials.. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Anderson J.A., Ellsworth P.C., Faria J.C., Head G.P., Owen M.D.K., Pilcher C.D., Shelton A.M., and Meissle M., 2019, Genetically engineered crops: importance of diversified integrated pest management for agricultural sustainability, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 7: 24. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00024 Balesdent M., Gautier A., Plissonneau C., Meur L., Loiseau A., Leflon M., Carpezat J., Pinochet X., and Rouxel T., 2022, 20-years of Leptosphaeria maculans population survey in France suggest pyramiding Rlm3 and Rlm7 in rapeseed is a risky resistance management strategy, Phytopathology, 112(10): 2126-2137. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-22-0108-R Bocianowski J., Starosta E., Jamruszka T., Szwarc J., Jędryczka M., Grynia M., and Niemann J., 2024, Quantifying genetic parameters for blackleg resistance in rapeseed: a comparative study, Plants, 13(19): 2710. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13192710 Chai L., Zhang J., Fernando W., Li H., Huang X., Cui C., Jiang J., Zheng B., Liu Y., and Jiang L., 2021, Detection of blackleg resistance gene rlm1 in double-low rapeseed accessions from sichuan province by kompetitive allele-specific PCR, The Plant Pathology Journal, 37: 194-199. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.10.2020.0204 Ding L., Li M., Guo X., Tang M., Cao J., Wang Z., Liu R., Zhu K., Guo L., Liu S., and Tan X., 2019, Arabidopsis GDSL1 overexpression enhances rapeseed Sclerotinia sclerotiorumresistance and the functional identification of its homolog in Brassica napus, Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18: 1255-1270. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13289 Ding L.N., Li T., Guo X.J., Li M., Liu X.Y., Cao J., and Tan X., 2021, Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in rapeseed: recent progress and future prospects, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 69(10): 2965-2978. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07351 Fu F., Zhang X., Liu F., Peng G., Yu F., and Fernando D., 2020, Identification of resistance loci in Chinese and Canadian canola/rapeseed varieties against Leptosphaeria maculans based on genome-wide association studies, BMC Genomics, 21: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06893-4 Green K., Stenberg J., and Lankinen Å., 2020, Making sense of integrated pest management (IPM) in the light of evolution, Evolutionary Applications, 13: 1791-1805. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13067 Huang Q., Lv J., Sun Y., Wang H., Guo Y., Qu G., and Hu S., 2020, Inheritance and molecular characterization of a novel mutated AHAS gene responsible for the resistance of AHAS-inhibiting herbicides in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4): 1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041345 Jajor E., Korbas M., Broniarz J., Horoszkiewicz-Janka J., and Bocianowski J., 2020, The importance and availability of resistant varieties in the integrated protection of oilseed rape against pathogens, Progress in Plant Protection, 60: 326-335. https://doi.org/10.14199/PPP-2020-036 Lefebvre V., Boissot N., and Gallois J.L., 2020, Host plant resistance to pests and pathogens the genetic leverage in integrated pest and disease management, Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, 2020: 259-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5_9
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