Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 61-68 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 64 markers” related to disease-resistant genes to help us select more disease-resistant plants. For example, there is research to transfer the disease-resistant genes in wild kale into rapeseed through MAS method, so that new rapeseed varieties can be more resistant to bacterial sclerotinia stem rot (Mei et al., 2020). In addition, there is a MAS technology called “microcompetitive alleles-specific PCR”, which can quickly find which rapeseed varieties are resistant to black shank disease, so that resistant rapeseed can be bred faster, such as varieties with the Rlm1 gene (Chai et al., 2021). 5.2 Role of genomic selection (GS) in enhancing breeding efficiency In addition to MAS, there is now a faster breeding method called genome selection (GS). This method is to predict the disease resistance of a variety in advance through the marking information of the whole genome. On rape, this method has been proven to be effective, especially when it comes to anti-sclerotic disease, which is not bad (Yang and Fu, 2024). GS allows breeding experts to pick out plants with good potential in the early stages of breeding, without waiting for a long time to test, which can greatly speed up the breeding progress. 5.3 Regional adaptability screening of resistant varieties Whether the disease-resistant variety is good depends on whether it can adapt to it in different places. Therefore, it is also important to choose disease-resistant varieties suitable for planting in different regions. This usually requires testing the performance of these rapeseed varieties at several different locations to find varieties that are both disease-resistant and suitable for the local environment. Some studies have found that the two traits of disease resistance and flowering time are often related and should be considered comprehensively. For example, in one experiment, researchers measured stem lesions in several rapeseed varieties. They found that some varieties had significantly shorter lesions on the stems after 7 or 14 days of bacterial infection, indicating that they were more resistant to disease (Figure 2) (Zhang et al., 2022). Varieties like 15WSHRand 16WSHRperform very well. In addition, some disease-resistant genes, such as Rlm3 and Rlm7, should also pay attention to regional control when promoting. Unreasonable use may lead to stronger pathogenic variants (Balesdent et al., 2022). Figure 2 Phenotype and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of stem resistance assay (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2022) 6 Role of Genetic Resistance in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 6.1 Synergy between genetic resistance and agricultural practices Resistance genes are very useful in pest control, especially when used in combination with other agricultural methods. In rapeseed cultivation, selecting disease-resistant or insect-resistant varieties is a basic means to prevent and control pests. Combining these resistant varieties with field management and the rational use of pesticides can
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