Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 19-26 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 19 Review Article Open Access Role of Microbiomes in Wheat Disease Suppression Xiaoqing Tang Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding email: xiaoqing.tang@cuixi.org Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.1 doi: 10.5376/mp.2025.16.0003 Received: 03 Dec, 2024 Accepted: 10 Jan., 2025 Published: 31 Jan., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Tang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Tang X.Q., 2025, Role of microbiomes in wheat disease suppression, Molecular Pathogens, 16(1): 19-26 (doi: 10.5376/mp.2025.16.0003) Abstract This study provides an overview of the composition and functions of wheat-associated microbiomes, focusing on their contributions to nutrient cycling and disease resistance. It elaborates on the mechanisms through which microbiomes suppress diseases, including direct pathogen inhibition, induction of plant resistance, and competitive exclusion. Research shows that microbial interactions within the wheat microbiome contribute to ecological stability and disease suppression. Advances in biotechnology, such as microbiome engineering and the application of biocontrol agents, offer promising pathways for sustainable wheat production, although challenges remain in field applications. Case studies demonstrate the successful implementation of microbiome-driven disease management, showcasing its practical benefits. This study also explores future research directions, including the integration of multi-omics approaches and artificial intelligence, to promote sustainable wheat production systems. Keywords Microbiomes; Wheat disease suppression; Nutrient cycling; Biocontrol agents; Multi-omics integration 1 Introduction Wheat is an important food crop in the world. But it is often affected by some soil-borne diseases, resulting in a decline in yield and bringing great economic losses. For example, total wheat corrosion disease is very serious, which may cause a 30% to 50% loss of yield, which is a big problem for grain production (Durán et al., 2017). In addition, there is a bacteria called Rhizoctonia solani AG8, which can also affect wheat. If the species do not have disease resistance, it will cause great losses (Hayden et al., 2018). These diseases not only affect the harvest, but also increase the cost of prevention and control. Microorganisms in the soil are of great help to plant health and can also help suppress diseases. In some “disease-suppressing soils”, there are many beneficial microorganisms that can make pathogens less likely to spread (Schlatter et al., 2017; Peralta et al., 2018). These microorganisms can secrete some substances to prevent the growth of bacteria, so they are very helpful for the development of green agriculture. Studies have found that different wheat varieties will attract different rhizosphere microbiota, and these microorganisms can also help wheat better adapt to the environment and reduce diseases (Dilla-Ermita et al., 2021). Scientists also found that selecting useful microorganisms from these anti-disease soils can effectively combat diseases such as Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici (Méndez et al., 2021). This is a promising approach to biological control. This study wanted to explore the role of soil microbiota in preventing wheat diseases, especially how they improve wheat’s resistance to disease. At the same time, we will also discuss what role these microorganisms can play in developing environmentally friendly prevention and control methods and increasing yields, hoping to provide some new ideas for using microorganisms to improve the health and sustainable planting of crops in the future. 2 Wheat Microbiomes: Composition and Function 2.1 Diversity of wheat-associated microbiomes Different parts of the wheat plant-such as the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and internal tissues-harbor diverse microbial communities. Among these, the rhizosphere contains the highest microbial abundance. Dominant bacterial groups include Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, while common fungal taxa include Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (Rossmann et al., 2020). Some microbes also live inside the plant tissues; these
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