Molecular Microbiology Research, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 59-68 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 66 8.3 Limitations of current molecular breeding techniques Molecular breeding techniques are now used a lot, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genome selection (GS). They do make breeding much faster, but there are still some problems to be solved. Potato is a tetraploid crop and its genetic structure is more complex than that of ordinary plants. It will be more difficult to deal with when doing genetic analysis or mating breeding. Moreover, sometimes breeding strategies are effective for one variety, but changing the variety may not necessarily work. This shows that the effects of these technologies are also limited by genotypes. Although the technological advancement of sequencing and data analysis is rapid, it still takes a lot of effort to truly use experimental data in actual breeding (Pandey et al., 2023). At present, the application of genome selection on potatoes is still in its infancy, and it will continue to be optimized in the future to better come in handy. Acknowledgments The authors are very grateful to researcher Chen J. for his multiple readings, and also thanks the two peer reviewers for their suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abazov A., Abidov K., Basiev S., and Nazranov K., 2021, Breeding of early ripening potato varieties under the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian foothill zone, E3S Web of Conferences, 262: 01034. https://doi.org/10.1051/E3SCONF/202126201034 Ahmad D., Zhang Z., Rasheed H., Xu X., and Bao J., 2022, Recent advances in molecular improvement for potato tuber traits, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(17): 9982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179982 Aksoy E., Demirel U., Bakhsh A., Zia M., Naeem M., Saeed F., Çalişkan S., and Çalışkan M., 2021, Recent advances in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeding, Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops, 2021: 409-487. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66965-2_10 Beketova M.P., Chalaya N.A., Zoteyeva N.M., Gurina A., Kuznetsova M., Armstrong M., Hein I., Drobyazina P., Khavkin E., and Rogozina Е., 2021, Combination breeding and marker-assisted selection to develop late blight resistant potato cultivars, Agronomy, 11(11): 2192. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0209.v1 Bhat J.A., Feng X., Mir Z.A., Raina A., and Siddique K.H.M., 2023, Recent advances in artificial intelligence mechanistic models and speed breeding offer exciting opportunities for precise and accelerated genomics-assisted breeding, Physiologia Plantarum, 175(4): e13969. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13969 Bradshaw J.E., 2019, Improving the nutritional value of potatoes by conventional breeding and genetic modification, Quality Breeding in Field Crops, 2019: 41-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04609-5_3 Brown C., 2011, The contribution of traditional potato breeding to scientific potato improvement, Potato Research, 54: 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-011-9199-9 Caruana B.M., Pembleton L.W., Constable F., Rodoni B., Slater A., and Cogan N., 2019, Validation of genotyping by sequencing using transcriptomics for diversity and application of genomic selection in tetraploid potato, Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 670. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00670 Chen Y., Zhang B., Li C., Lei C., Kong C., Yang Y., and Gong M., 2019, A comprehensive expression analysis of the expansin gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum) discloses stress-responsive expansin-like Bgenes for drought and heat tolerances, PLoS ONE, 14(7): e0219837. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219837 Gebhardt C., 2013, Bridging the gap between genome analysis and precision breeding in potato, Trends in Genetics: TIG, 29(4): 248-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2012.11.006 Gervais T., Creelman A., Li X.Q., Bizimungu B., Koeyer D., and Dahal K., 2021, Potato response to drought stress: physiological and growth basis, Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 698060. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.698060 Hameed A., Zaidi S.S.A., Shakir S., and Mansoor S., 2018, Applications of new breeding technologies for potato improvement, Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 925. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00925 Handayani T., Gilani S., and Watanabe K., 2019, Climatic changes and potatoes: how can we cope with the abiotic stresses, Breeding Science, 69: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.19070
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