Molecular Microbiology Research, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 59-68 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 65 Gujarat perform best in addressing climate change (Sapakhova et al., 2023). These examples show that suitable for local potato varieties, whether they are precocious or stress-resistant, are very important for increasing yields and enhancing farmers' confidence. Figure 3 Over 50 Years of potato parental line breeding programme at the plant breeding and acclimatization institute in Poland (Adopted from Zimnoch-Guzowska et al., 2021) 8 Challenges and Limitations in Current Breeding Techniques 8.1 Genetic diversity and its impact on breeding outcomes Premature and stress-resistant varieties not only increase potato yields, but also gain recognition from farmers. Take the Zamir variety as an example. It not only produces a high yield of 49.5 tons/hectare, but also has good storage capacity of tubers. These advantages make farmers willing to plant it. In Poland, after introducing new parents, the new varieties bred are more resistant to diseases, and also help farmers reduce losses and improve benefits (Zimnoch-Guzowska et al., 2021). In India, regions that promote highly resistant varieties like Gujarat perform best in addressing climate change (Sapakhova et al., 2023). These examples show that suitable for local potato varieties, whether they are precocious or stress-resistant, are very important for increasing yields and enhancing farmers' confidence. 8.2 Ethical and regulatory challenges of genetic engineering Genetic engineering technology is becoming more and more common now, and it has also brought new ways to improve potatoes. But this technology is also controversial. For example, some people are worried about whether genetically modified foods are safe and will affect the environment. These problems have disturbed many consumers. In addition, different countries have different policies on genetic modification. Some countries have strict regulations, while others are relatively relaxed. This difference makes GM potatoes less smoothly promoted in the global market (Nahirñak et al., 2022). In addition to policy issues, there are also ethical discussions. For example, people will ask: Is it natural to change genes? Will it have a long-term impact on ecology or human health? These problems also make the promotion of genetic technology more complicated.
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