International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 171-181 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 176 Evidence shows that compared with standard treatment, MDT treatment can reduce all-cause mortality, slow down the rate of eGFR decline, reduce hospitalizations, and improve biochemical indicators, especially in the advanced stage of CKD (Wang et al., 2022; Chittinandana et al., 2024). The effect of MDTs depends on whether different professionals are involved, and the effect is most obvious in patients with more severe conditions (Shi et al., 2017; Hsu et al., 2020). 5.2 Develop individualized assessment tools and tracking plans In order to address the individual differences among CKD patients, it is very important to develop specific assessment tools (such as risk stratification models and personalized care pathways), which is conducive to the implementation of targeted treatment (Elendu et al., 2023). These tools can regularly monitor renal function, concurrent disease conditions and treatment effects, thereby helping to adjust treatment plans in a timely manner and use medical resources more rationally (Collister et al., 2019; Major et al., 2025). The frequency and intensity of follow-up should be determined based on the severity of the disease, the specific needs of the patient, and the recommendations of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) (Collister et al., 2019; Hsu et al., 2020). Online MDT meetings and digital health platforms have improved the efficiency and feasibility of follow-up, and can help patients obtain continuous, coordinated treatment and timely intervention (Fritz, 2023; Major et al., 2025). 5.3 Strengthen patients' self-management and treatment compliance Enhancing patients' capabilities through education, self-management support and joint decision-making is the key role of the MDT model (Hsu et al., 2020; Kelepouris et al., 2023). Patient-centered intervention measures, including health knowledge popularization programs and digital tools, can improve patients' self-care ability, treatment compliance and quality of life (Lin and Hwang, 2020; Major et al., 2025). Some common problems that affect patients' adherence to treatment, such as overly complex treatment plans, insufficient medical resources and weak health awareness, can be improved through continuous health education, encouraging communication and family support (Kelepouris et al., 2023). Regular follow-up and the collaboration of multidisciplinary teams are very important for helping patients correct behavioral habits and improve treatment outcomes (Hsu et al., 2020; Lin and Hwang, 2020). 6 Current Challenges and Future Exploration Directions 6.1 Problems existing in the current CKD management strategy At present, the treatment of chronic kidney disease still faces many problems. Because the early symptoms of CKD are not obvious, many patients are already in the middle or late stage when they are discovered, and their treatment options are thus limited. Furthermore, patients often have other concurrent diseases, further increasing the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment (Evans et al., 2021). Even though some drugs, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, have been proven effective, they have not been widely used in clinical practice. The main reason is that doctors are more dependent on traditional therapies and have insufficient understanding of new drugs. Meanwhile, there are also some problems in the medical system, such as imperfect nursing processes and inconsistent treatment plans (Kim et al., 2023; Hirsch et al., 2024; Escalada et al., 2025). High prices of new drugs, slow approval processes, and economic disparities among different regions make it difficult for some patients to access new drugs in a timely manner, resulting in an uneven distribution of medical resources (Ma et al., 2025). In addition, the overly complex treatment plans, patients' insufficient health knowledge, and the lack of self-management support also make it difficult for many people to strictly follow the doctor's advice for treatment. The shortage of medical personnel and the non-uniformity of diagnosis and treatment processes have also reduced the overall effect of current management measures (Lin and Hwang, 2020; Kim et al., 2023; Hirsch et al., 2024). 6.2 The development prospects of CKD precision medicine Precision medicine is expected to bring a brand-new management approach to CKD. It formulates individualized
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