International Journal of Clinical Case Reports, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 159-170 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijccr 163 These DDI may lead to ineffective treatment, increased toxicity, and cause complications that interfere with current treatment, often requiring emergency treatment or hospitalization (Mohamed et al., 2023; Oliveira et al., 2024). Careful medication adjustment and the use of DDI detection tools are crucial for reducing these risks. 4.3 The burden and resource allocation of comprehensive medication on the medical system Comprehensive medication has imposed a heavy burden on the medical system, leading to an increase in service demand, hospitalization rates and related costs (Khezrian et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2024). The economic impact is more complex due to the need for frequent monitoring, handling of adverse reactions and treatment of complications caused by improper medication. Up to 50% of patients taking four or more medications do not follow the prescribed medication, resulting in treatment failure and greater resource consumption (Maair et al., 2020). To address the issue of using multiple drugs simultaneously, improvements need to be made at the medical system level, including the use of research-supported medication guidance, regular drug checks, and team-based intervention. This helps to optimize the treatment plan and reduce excessive medical expenses (Molokhia and Majeed, 2017; Maair et al., 2020). 5 Management Strategies and Intervention Models 5.1 Personalized medication review and prescription intervention Personalized drug assessment usually employs clear standards, such as STOPP/START or Beers standards, which are at the core of comprehensive medication management for the elderly. These reviews systematically examine whether each drug is appropriate, has potential hazards, and meets the patient's goals, enabling doctors to identify and discontinue unnecessary or potentially inappropriate drugs (Kurczewska-Michalak et al., 2021). Intervention measures to reduce prescriptions usually involve making decisions together and explaining relevant knowledge to patients. These measures have been proven to enhance the applicability of drugs, patients' cooperation, and sometimes even improve clinical outcomes. However, the results are different and the long-term effects still need further study (Johansson et al., 2016; Hung et al., 2024). Despite the obvious benefits, drug verification and prescription have not been used frequently in practical work due to reasons such as tight schedules, insufficient training, and unclear best practices. With the support of normative guidelines and continuous learning training, integrating these methods into daily care is extremely important for improving medication arrangements and reducing the risks brought by multidrug combination (Doherty et al., 2020; Kurczewska-Michalak et al., 2021; Hung et al., 2024). 5.2 Application of multidisciplinary collaboration model in drug management Team-based collaborative intervention-typically involving pharmacists, doctors, and occasionally nurses-is widely regarded as a practical approach to handling complex medications in communities and institutions (Jokanovic et al., 2017; Zhang, 2024). These approaches contribute to comprehensive verification, adjustment and interpretation of medication, and leverage the expertise of each expert to address complex medication regimens and drug-related issues. Studies show that these methods can reduce the types of medication, better match the condition of the disease, enhance the degree of medication coordination, and lower the cost of medication. However, their impact on clinical outcomes such as mortality and hospitalization rates remains unclear (Alkhamsan et al., 2024; Roncal-Belzunce et al., 2024). An effective team model typically includes regular team discussions, smooth communication methods, and the participation of patients and caregivers in decision-making (Roncal-Belzunce et al., 2024). Drug adjustment mainly carried out by pharmacists, verification at the institutional level, and establishment of medication norms are the key practices implemented in elderly care facilities (Jokanovic et al., 2017; Alkhamsan et al., 2024). 5.3 Development of clinical decision support system (CDSS) based on health information technology Health information technology, especially clinical decision support systems (CDSS), is playing an increasingly significant role in comprehensive medication management. CDSS can integrate clear standards (such as
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