Plant Gene and Trait 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 39-46 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 41 2.3 Characteristics and functions of secondary metabolites inAnoectochilus roxburghii Gam et al. (2020) hold that flavonoids in the secondary metabolites of Anoectochilus roxburghii are of great significance. They accumulate the most during the soil cultivation stage, indicating that this stage is crucial for the formation of beneficial components. Ye et al. ’s research in 2020 found that after symbiosis with some mycorrhizal fungi (such as Ceratobasidium sp. AR), it could activate certain genes for synthesizing flavonoids, allowing for a greater accumulation of flavonoids and enhancing the medicinal quality of the plant. The protocorm-like body (PLBs) of Anoectochilus roxburghii can also be used to produce kinsenoside, and some flavonoids also show differential accumulation characteristics in different tissues or at different growth time points. 3 Relationship Between Hormone Types and Growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii Tissue Culture Seedlings 3.1 Regulation of root development by auxins inAnoectochilus roxburghii Auxin, especially naphthylacetic acid (NAA), plays an important role in the root development of Anoectochilus roxburghii. The research of Saini et al. (2013) found that the most suitable concentration of NAA is 0.5 mg/ L. When NAA is used together with other hormones such as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), it can also promote root growth more significantly. Adding NAA to the culture medium is the key to inducing root growth, and the combination of NAA and IBA is considered to achieve the best rooting effect. 3.2 Effects of cytokinins on tissue division and differentiation inAnoectochilus roxburghii Cytokinins, such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), are crucial in the division and differentiation of Anoectochilus roxburghii tissues. In 2018, Qin and Huang discovered that the combined use of 6-BA and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) could significantly enhance the proliferation of adventing buds and the differentiation efficiency of stem segments. When the concentration of 6-BA is 2.0 mg/L, it has the best effect on the induction and differentiation of buds and can also significantly increase the reproduction rate of tissue culture. 3.3 Role of gibberellins in plant elongation of Anoectochilus roxburghii Gibberellin has a significant effect in promoting the elongation of plant stems. It is generally believed that gibberellin can help stems grow longer and may, along with other hormones, affect the growth of tissue culture seedlings. Olatunji et al. (2017) indicated that adding gibberellin to the culture medium might have a certain promoting effect on the elongation of plants, but more experiments are needed to confirm its actual effect on Anoectochilus roxburghii. 3.4 Regulation of stress adaptation by abscisic acid inAnoectochilus roxburghii Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plants’ response to adverse conditions, and the the same is true for Anoectochilus roxburghii. It is generally believed that it can help plants resist drought and salt stress by regulating the opening and closing of stomata and balancing water. Cao et al. (2024) hold that if ABA is added to tissue culture, it may enhance the adaptability of Anoectochilus roxburghii seedlings to adverse environments. 3.5 Comprehensive effects of jasmonic acid and other hormones on the growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii Jasmonic acid usually works together with other hormones in the growth of Anoectochilus. Previous studies have shown that jasmonic acid can interact with hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin to regulate plant growth, resistance responses, and the formation of secondary metabolites. Li et al. (2012) indicated in an early study that the participation of jasmonic acid in tissue culture might be helpful in improving the overall growth performance and developmental effect of Anoectochilus roxburghii. 4 Hormonal Regulation Mechanisms of Secondary Metabolism inAnoectochilus roxburghii 4.1 Effects of hormones on the synthesis and accumulation of polysaccharides inAnoectochilus roxburghii Different light exposure can affect the activity of hormones, thereby altering the content of polysaccharides. The content of soluble sugar and polysaccharides in the body of Anoectochilus roxburghii is significantly higher under yellow light than under normal light conditions, indicating that hormone regulation can promote the synthesis of polysaccharides under specific light conditions. The presence of endophytic fungi can also affect the hormone
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