Genomics and Applied Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.5, 269-283 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 281 sustainable agriculture. Strengthening the breeding and extension of stable-yielding, climate-adapted varieties tailored to the province's diverse ecological subregions is a strategic priority. Precision cultivation technologies-including drip irrigation, sensor-based nutrient management, and mechanized planting and harvesting-can further reduce yield variability and improve resource-use efficiency, particularly in the face of labor shortages and rising input costs. Looking ahead, the integration of legume production into broader sustainable cropping systems offers a pathway to enhance soil health, reduce nitrogen fertilizer dependency, and improve the resilience of the entire agricultural landscape. Policy incentives that encourage legume inclusion in rice-based rotations, coupled with the development of regional legume brands and value-added processing chains, could simultaneously raise farmer incomes and strengthen domestic protein supply. Collaborative networks among research institutions, extension services, and producer cooperatives will be essential to translate stability research into practical, scalable improvements across the province's legume sector. Acknowledgments I extend my sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable and insightful comments, which have greatly strengthened this paper. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abebe A., Adewumi A.S., Adebayo M.A., Shaahu A., Mushoriwa H., Alabi T., Derera J., Agbona A., and Chigeza G., 2024, Genotype x environment interaction and yield stability of soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes in multi-environment trials (METs) in Nigeria, Heliyon, 10(19): e38097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38097 Baraki F., Gebregergis Z., Belay Y., Berhe M., and Zibelo H., 2020, Genotype x environment interaction and yield stability analysis of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes in Northern Ethiopia, Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6(1): 1729581. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1729581 Chen H., Li X., Liu S.L., and Xu X., 2025, High-quality agricultural development in Chinese subtropical region: Challenges and strategies, Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39: 2025006. https://doi.org/10.1051/bcas/2025006 Daemo B.B., 2024, Genotype by environment interaction and performance stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars grown in Dawuro zone, Southwestern Ethiopia, Open Agriculture, 9(1): 20220288. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0288 Eskezia A., Nakachew K., Tadesse M., and Kassa M., 2025, Genotype-by-environment interaction and yield stability of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) in Northern Ethiopia, Legume Science, 7(2): e70038. https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.70038 Estifanos F., Getu E., Beyene D., Habtegebriel M.H., and Fenta B., 2025, Grain yield stability by different statistical models in small seeded common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at diverse agroecologies of Ethiopia, Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 8(4): e70253. Gao Y., Zhao H., Zhao C., Hu G., Zhang H., Liu X.H., Li N., Hou H., and Li X., 2022, Spatial and temporal variations of maize and wheat yield gaps and their relationships with climate in China, Agricultural Water Management, 270: 107714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107714 Ghaffar M., Asghar M., Shahid M., and Hussain J., 2023, Estimation of G × E interaction of lentil genotypes for yield using AMMI and GGE biplot in Pakistan, Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 23(2): 2316-2330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01182-x Habtegebriel M.H., and Abebe A., 2023, Grain yield stability of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) for different stability models across diverse environments of Ethiopia, Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 6(3): e20396. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20396 Haile G.A., and Tesfaye D., 2024, Response of field pea (Pisum sativumL.) genotypes for grain yield in a multi-environment trial in Southeastern Ethiopia, Heliyon, 10(15): e35233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35233 Hossain M.A., Sarker U., Azam M., Kobir M., Roychowdhury R., Ercişli S., Ali D., Oba S., and Golokhvast K.S., 2023, Integrating BLUP, AMMI, and GGE models to explore GE interactions for adaptability and stability of winter lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.), Plants, 12(11): 2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112079
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