Bioscience Evidence 2026, Vol.16, No.4, 277-290 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 289 tongue technology, the geographical origin, commercial grade, and major bioactive compounds of A. macrocephala can now be identified more rapidly and accurately. These technologies provide reliable support for production base inspection, post-harvest grading, market circulation, and quality supervision. In the future, high-quality A. macrocephala production should be built on suitable ecological regions, supported by elite cultivars and standardized planting materials, and strengthened through precision nutrient and water management and healthy soil maintenance. Combined with modern quality evaluation methods and full-process traceability systems, these approaches will help establish a sustainable production system that is efficient, high-quality, safe, and environmentally friendly, providing long-term support for the sustainable development of the A. macrocephalaindustry. Author Contributions The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Fang for valuable guidance and constructive suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Cui X., Wang Y., Yu G., He B., Huang L., Liu Y., and Zhan Z., 2025, Integrated morphological observation, metabolomics, and transcriptomics to investigate the effect of growth years on the quality of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., BMC Plant Biology, 25: 912. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06958-0 Fan H., Han J., Li X., Zhou J., Zhao L., Ying Y., and Kai G., 2024, Atractylodes macrocephala root rot affects microbial communities in various root-associated niches, Agronomy, 14: 2662. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14112662 Gao X., Wu W., Yu L., Wu Y., Hong Y., Yuan X., Ming Q., Shen Z., Qin L., and Zhu B., 2024, Transcriptome analysis reveals the biocontrol mechanism of endophytic bacterium AM201, Rhodococcus sp., against root rot disease of Atractylodes macrocephala, Current Microbiology, 81: 218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03742-5 Hai C., Yang X., Fu H., Chen H., He S., Kang L., Hao Q., Zhou L., Zhan Z., Liu Z., Yang J., and Guo L., 2023, Determination of geographical origin for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz by stable isotope and multielement analyses combined with chemometrics, Journal of Food Science, 88: 1939-1953. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.16536 Happy K., Mudondo J., Gang R., Haniffadli A., Yang S., and Kang Y., 2026, An efficient and scalable in vitro propagation protocol of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.: A key traditional medicinal plant within food-medicine continuum, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 165: 40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-026-03432-z Huang X. G., Li M. Y., Yan X. N., Yang J. S., Rao M. C., and Yuan X. F., 2021, The potential of Trichoderma brevicompactum for controlling root rot on Atractylodes macrocephala, Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 43: 794-802. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2021.1933602 Hwang M. H., Seo J. W., Han K. J., Kim M. J., and Seong E. S., 2022, Effect of artificial light treatment on the physiological property and biological activity of the aerial and underground parts of Atractylodes macrocephala, Agronomy, 12: 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071485 Jeong J. T., Oh S. M., Lee J. H., Wi S. H., Chang J. K., Ma K. H., Yoon Y. H., Lee Y., Lee D. Y., and Han J. W., 2022, Growth characteristics and change of major components in Atractylodes macrocephala, Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science, 30: 117-123. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2022.30.2.117 Jeong J., Ha B., Park C. G., Lee H. J., Lee J. H., Hong C., Lee Y., Jeong Y., Lee D. Y., Lee S. E., and Chang J. K., 2018, Comparison of growth characteristics and active ingredients in Atractylodes inter-specific hybrid cultivars, Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science, 26: 220-226. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2018.26.3.220 Lee D. H., Son Y., Jang J. H., Jeong D. H., Kim H. J., and Kim J. A., 2025, Environmental effects on Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome growth and compounds, Agriculture, 15: 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15181950 Li Y., Dai M., and Peng D., 2017, New bisesquiterpenoid lactone from the wild rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz grown in Qimen, Natural Product Research, 31: 2381-2386. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1309531 Liu C., Wang S., Xiang Z., Xu T., He M., Xue Q., Song H., Gao P., and Cong Z., 2022, The chemistry and efficacy benefits of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13: 952061. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.952061
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