International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 116-134 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 132 populations should be protected, but may also find clues to new species. These findings have given us a deeper understanding of marble gobys, and also provide a reference method for studying other similar fish. In terms of conservation, our study provides genetic diversity data of marble goby in different regions, which provides a basis for formulating conservation plans. Although marble goby are not endangered species, the hidden genetic branches within them are still worth protecting. This helps preserve its long-term evolutionary potential. We suggest that upstream and downstream populations should be managed separately, and attention should also be paid to potential new species. Many times, people only pay attention to whether a species is endangered, but ignore the diversity within the species. The example of marble goby reminds us that even if a species is not in danger now, it does not mean that all its populations are safe. It is necessary to protect these different evolutionary lineages, and don't wait until you lose them to regret it. In aquaculture, these results also have practical value. marble gobys populations in different regions have genetic differences, which may affect growth rate, disease resistance, etc. If we can select and breed based on these differences, it will be more effective than blind hybridization and can also avoid strain degeneration. We recommend that you first understand the source of the broodstock when breeding, and do not mix fish with completely different genetic backgrounds. In addition, our method can also be used to quickly check the purity of seedlings to prevent the mixing of other similar fish species, thereby improving the accuracy and yield of breeding. This study has given us a clearer understanding of marble goby and increased the cases of fish phylogeny research. At the same time, it also provides a lot of useful suggestions for classification and management. Of course, scientific research will not stop here. There will be many new technologies and new ideas in the future that can help us see small species like marble goby more clearly. We also hope that this knowledge will eventually help ecological protection and resource utilization, so that humans and nature can coexist better. After all, although marble goby is just a small fish species, its genome contains a complex and wonderful life story, and there are still many mysteries waiting for us to solve little by little. Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Adamson E.A.S., Britz R., and Lieng S., 2019, Channa auroflammea a new species of snakehead fish of the Marulius group from the Mekong River in Laos and Cambodia (Teleostei: Channidae), Zootaxa, 4571: 3. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.3.7 Bemis K.E., Girard M.G., Santos M.D., Carpenter K.E., Deeds J.R., Pitassy D.E., Flores N.A., Hunter E.S., Driskell A.C., Macdonald III K.S., Weigt L.A., and Williams J.T., 2023, Biodiversity of Philippine marine fishes: a DNA barcode reference library based on voucher specimens, Scientific Data, 10(1): 411. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02306-9 Bleeker P., 1852, Bijdrage tot de kennis der Makreelachtige visschen van den soenda-molukschen archipel, Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 24: 1-93. Chen I., Kottelat M., and Wu H., 2002, A new genus of freshwater sleeper (Teleostei: Odontobutididae) from Southern China and Mainland Southeast Asia, Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 29: 229-235. https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.200209.0007 Duong T.Y., Nguyen N., Tran D.D., Le T., and Nor S.M., 2023, Multiple genetic lineages of anadromous migratory Mekong catfish Pangasius krempfi revealed by mtDNA control region and cytochrome b, Ecology and Evolution, 13: e9845. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9845 Fu G.Q., Qin T., Chen X.Y., Lei C.Y., and Li G.H., 2021, Composition and species diversity of fishes in Xishuangbanna reach of Lancang River, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 41(24): 9557-9573. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb202104140968 Fujisawa T., and Barraclough T.G., 2013, Delimiting species using single-locus data and the generalized mixed yule coalescent approach: A revised method and evaluation on simulated data sets, Systematic Biology, 62(5): 707-724. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syt033
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