International Journal of Aquaculture, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 116-134 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 130 First, industry standards need to be established in DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis methods. Taking fish DNA barcoding identification as an example, the FISH-BOL project has developed corresponding specifications (such as standard primer combinations and sequencing processes) internationally, and collected samples worldwide to establish a reference sequence library. At present, when conducting fish species identification and classification research, Chinese scholars should be more in line with international standards and use the same framework so that the results can be verified by each other. For example, COI fragments are uniformly used in species identification and uploaded to the BOLD database; the evolutionary model used, the number of bootstraps, etc. are noted in the construction of phylogenetic trees to facilitate repetition and comparison. In addition, it may be necessary to form a consensus threshold or criterion in the academic community for species definition. Although the optimal thresholds for different groups are different, experts from each group can be encouraged to jointly develop guiding thresholds. For example, for freshwater gobies, perhaps 2% is an appropriate COI species discrimination threshold (Li et al., 2019), which can be clarified by reviewing past research data. Similarly, the parameter selection and result interpretation of algorithms such as GMYC and ABGD should also be standardized as much as possible to reduce the comparability differences between different studies. Secondly, in terms of data platform construction, we need to further improve the integrated database of fish classification and molecular data. For example, the "List of Chinese Biological Species" has begun to be updated annually, integrating morphological classification and some molecular identification information. However, there is still a lack of an open professional communication platform for the analysis of specific classification issues. Perhaps relying on the existing biodiversity database, a fish DNA barcode and phylogeny column can be added to include sequence data and systematic positions of fish from major water systems across the country. This can not only be used as a reference for researchers, but also help management departments quickly obtain species identification opinions. We note that in the latest Chinese species list published by 2025, many new species have been added to the animal kingdom, some of which are new species with molecular evidence provided at the time of publication. This shows that my country's taxonomic community has gradually attached importance to publishing new taxa based on comprehensive evidence. If the molecular sequences and type specimen information of these new species can be included in the shared database in a timely manner, it will greatly facilitate the verification and use of subsequent researchers. Finally, standardization also involves the mechanism of interdisciplinary cooperation. Fields such as taxonomy, systematics, and population genetics need to strengthen communication to form unified terminology and evaluation criteria. For example, different fields may use different standards for the determination of "cryptic species" (morphologists emphasize morphological differences, while geneticists emphasize molecular differences). To avoid confusion, a consensus definition of such concepts can be reached at the seminar and explained when publishing articles. When assessing the threat level of species, disputes over taxonomic status often cause trouble. If the taxonomic community reaches a consensus in advance, it will help the formulation of conservation policies. 6.3 Broader impact on fish systematics and biodiversity The experience and findings of the study of the phylogeny and species definition of marble goby are of enlightenment significance to the broader study of fish systematics and biodiversity. First, it once again proves that the use of molecular systematics to reveal biodiversity that is difficult to detect with traditional taxonomy is an effective way (Jin and Liu, 2024). Globally, many fish taxa remain unsolved mysteries, especially in tropical freshwater ecosystems. Our research method (combining mitochondrial whole genome, barcode sequence and comprehensive taxonomic analysis) can be extended to other species or regions. For example, similar strategies can be used to screen for hidden diversity and improve species lists in areas with high fish diversity such as the Amazon Basin and the Congo Basin in Africa. This will greatly advance the clarification of global fish diversity and provide basic information for conservation decisions. Second, this study emphasizes the combination of conservation genetics and phylogenetic research, which is of reference significance for biodiversity conservation practices. Traditional conservation biology often takes species
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