International Journal of Molecular Zoology, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 29-37 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 30 for early and high-accuracy selection for complex traits, with enhanced genetic gain with fewer generations. Recent studies in Channa have demonstrated the efficacy of GS with 50K SNP chips, with reasonably satisfactory heritability estimates (0.29-0.31) of body weight and length, and identification of putative QTLs and candidate regions through GWAS analysis. The use of GS in artificial breeding programs offers the potential for precision breeding and sustainable genetic improvement in Channaaquaculture. 2 Genetic Resources and Breeding Basis of Channa 2.1 Current status of germplasm resources and evaluation of genetic diversity inChanna Channa species have high genetic diversity within species and populations. Mitochondrial DNA and AFLP marker-related studies have demonstrated high polymorphism and genetic differentiation among Channa populations and species, and low genetic diversity and compact genetic distances among some populations ('white' type Channa argus), and these are of concern from inbreeding and genetic resource conservation points of view (Wang et al., 2018; Butet et al., 2021; Su et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2023). New species were found and large DNA barcoding projects further advanced knowledge of Channa diversity and provided useful tools for diversity estimates and species identification (Figure 1) (Laskar et al., 2025). Figure 1 Morphological characteristics of Channa(Adopted from Laskar et al., 2025) Image caption: A: The collection site is the natural habitat; B: The side view and coloring of the living specimen in the aquarium; and the view of the voucher specimen is shown; C: The pectoral fin pattern on the side; D: The back; E: The abdomen, underside of the head and chest perspective (Adopted from Laskar et al., 2025) 2.2 Breeding objectives and key traits of Channa Channa breeding schemes strive to enhance economically valuable traits such as growth rate, hypoxia tolerance, and tolerance of culture conditions. Genome and transcriptome sequencing in Channa asiatica, for example, have been employed for the purpose of discovering gene families involved in oxygen binding and stress response and
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