International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 32-42 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 40 with current bioinformatics, machine learning, and systems biology modeling will be in a position to offer insights into novel PRRSV infection and persistence molecular mechanisms. Increased understanding of PRRSV pathogenesis and molecular diversity represents a firm theoretical foundation for next-generation vaccine and precision control methods. Genomic data can contribute to rational vaccine design by the discovery of conserved antigenic sites and prediction of cross-protective epitopes. Multi-omics research will reveal novel targets for antiviral drugs and immunomodulators. Also, integrating molecular diagnosis and genomic surveillance will allow early identification of new emerging strains and more targeted vaccination. A continuous dialogue between field practice and basic science will be crucial to converting molecular results into operational use, and eventually contribute to sustainable control of PRRSV and stability over the long term in world swine production. Acknowledgments The authors are deeply grateful to the research team for their careful assistance and strong support during the implementation of the study and the organization of materials. They also sincerely thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and insightful suggestions during the review process. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Augustine S., Venkadesh A., Kaushal S., Lee E., Ajaj M., and Lee N., 2025, Point-of-care testing: the convergence of innovation and accessibility in diagnostics, Analytical Chemistry, 97(4): 12345-12358. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c07075 Bocard L., Kick A., Hug C., Lischer H., Käser T., and Summerfield A., 2021, Systems immunology analyses following Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus infection and vaccination, Frontiers in Immunology, 12: 779747. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.779747 Chae H., Roh H., Jo Y., Kim W., Chae J., Shin S., and Kang J., 2023, Development of a one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PLOS ONE, 18(11): e0293042. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293042 Chaudhari J., Liew C., Riethoven J., Sillman S., and Vu H., 2021, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection upregulates negative immune regulators and T-cell exhaustion markers, Journal of Virology, 95(20): e01052. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01052-21 Cui X., Xia D., Luo L., and An T., 2024, Recombination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: features, possible mechanisms, and future directions, Viruses, 16(6): 929. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060929 Du K., Xia Y., Wu Q., Yin M., Zhao H., and Chen X., 2025, Analysis of whole transcriptome reveals the immune response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and tylvalosin tartrate treatment in the porcine alveolar macrophages, Frontiers in Immunology, 15: 1506371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1506371 Gao J., Xiong J., Ye C., Chang X., Guo J., Jiang C., Zhang G., Tian Z., Cai X., Tong G., and An T., 2017, Genotypic and geographical distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in mainland China in 1996-2016, Veterinary Microbiology, 208: 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.003 Guo J., Liu Z., Tong X., Wang Z., Xu S., Chen Q., Zhou J., Fang L., Wang D., and Xiao S., 2021, Evolutionary dynamics of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by whole-genome analysis, Viruses, 13(12): 2469. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122469 Guo Z., Chen X., Li R., Qiao S., and Zhang G., 2018, The prevalent status and genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China: a molecular epidemiological perspective, Virology Journal, 15(1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-017-0910-6 He S., Li L., Chen H., Hu X., Wang W., Zhang H., Wei R., Zhang X., Chen Y., and Liu X., 2022, PRRSV infection induces Gasdermin D-driven pyroptosis of porcine alveolar macrophages through NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Journal of Virology, 96(3): e02127. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02127-21 Kim S., Moon S., Jeong C., Park G., Park J., Jeoung H., Shin G., Ko M., Kim S., Lee K., Cho H., and Kim W., 2022, Whole-genome sequencing and genetic characteristics of representative porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in Korea, Virology Journal, 19(1): 205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01790-6
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