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Intl. J. of Molecular Zoology, 2012, Vol.2, No.1, 1
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sodium bicarbonate and water secretion by the
pancreas. It is important to note that this study
describes altered function in the upper GI tract of
autistic children, whereas the lymphoid nodular
hyperplasia described by (Wakefield et al., 2008) was
observed in the lowest portion of the small intestine,
namely the ileum. The results of these different studies
taken together suggest that significant and widespread
GI pathophysiology may accompany autism, at least
within a subpopulation of patients. As discussed
below, the pathology may be central to the etiology
of autism. Alternatively, it may simply be a
secondary consequence of the disorder. In either
case, it is possible that such widespread pathology
plays a major role in the symptomatology of the
disorder in the affected children. Pathological
inflammation of the intestinal mucosa has long been
recognized as a primary symptom in Coeliac disease
and inflammatory bowel disease. Intestinal
inflammation can be regarded as the consequence of
the disruption of the complex interaction between all
of the cells of the mucosa (immune and nonimmune),
as well as the extracellular matrix, the normal
interactions being mediated by cell surface and
paracrine molecules (Fiocchi, 1997). Colostrums
provide all the necessary nutrients, growth factors and
immunological components for a healthy term infant
needs (Davis et al., 2007). Bovine colostrums are the
first milk produced postpartum, and are typically
defined as the first six postpartum milkings collected
during the period of transition from colostrums to
milk (Yu et al., 2007). Several researchers have
compared the compositions of colostrums with
those of mature milk and concluded that colostrums
have higher protein, lower fat, and a lactose solution
rich in immunoglobulins and other important immune
factors and mediators (Davis et al., 2007). The major
differences between bovine colostrums and mature
milk are that colostrums have higher levels of
immunoglobulins, vitamins A, B and D, iron, calcium,
as well as other vitamins and minerals (Kelly, 2003;
Meisel, 1998) reported that the peptides derived from
colostrum had immunological enhancing activity.
Some peptides, such as Thr-Thr-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp,
Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile- Pro-Asn, and Leu-Leu-Try, can help
reduce the infection rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in
mice. Lindmark-mansson et al (2000) reported
that the lactoferrin derived from colostrums had a high
antioxidant activity, could scavenge free radicals
generated in the human body, and also had a direct
and positive effect on inhibiting atherosclerosis and
ageing. Gill et al (2008) reported on the relationship
between the assimilated quantity of colostrums and
anti-tumor results. Ma et al (2009) found through an
indirect model, that bovine colostrums were capable
of enhancing the immunity for inducing human
leukemic U937 cell death.
According to the discoveries appear to verify what
parents and physicians have long suspected, namely,
that many autistic children have coeliac disease with
abnormal GI function. So we try in this investigation
to examine neonatal autistic rats, coupled with an
effective treatment (bovine colostrum) to normalize
GI tract (especially in the duodenum), may prove
effective in lessening the severe impact this disorder
has on the autistic child. Additionally, our work aimed
at studying morphologic changes in the duodenum
with changes in biochemical parameters, of suckled
pups that received gliadin in the neonatal period and
comparing it with pups that received gliadin + bovine
colostrum and with breast-fed controls.
1 Results
1.1 Changes in body weight and postnatal growth
on day 0, 7, 14 and 21
As shown in Table 1, Figure 1, pup weight was
significantly decreased (P<0.001) in autistic neonal
pups PND 0 as compared to normal control pups (1.6
±0.1, 1.5±0.4 vs 3.53±0.3). The animals from group 1
Table 1 Pup weight until weaning (mean ± S.D.)
Groups
PND 0
PND 7
PND 14
PND 21
Control
3.53±0.3
10.1±2.0
17.5±1.6
33.40±2.70
Group1
1.60±0.1**
5.5±0.1**
14.2±2.0**
21.40±2.36**
Group 2
1.50±0.4**
9.3±1.0
##
16.8±0.1
32.41±1.75
##
Note: Changes of pup weight
；
The data of body weight were presented as mean ± S.D. Statistical difference was shown as: *P<0.05,
**P<0.001, with respect to control; # P<0.05, ##P<0.001, with respect to group 1