Molecular Pathogens, 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 69-76 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 74 source of resistance, but also develop multiple disease-resistant varieties at the same time, which can better deal with new disease threats (Mesterházy, 2024). Figure 2 Mutations inZmWAK-RLK1compromise the NCLB resistance (Adopted from Yang et al., 2021) Image caption: (a) Graphic representation of ethyl methane sulfonate-induced mutants; (b) Diseased symptoms of the mutant and sibling lines at 17 days post-inoculation (dpi); (c) Percentage of the diseased leaf area at 11, 13, 15 and 17 dpi. Statistical analysis was conducted at each time-point using Tukey’s honestly significant difference (α = 0.05) test, and the plants used from each genotype were indicated. A complete randomization strategy was applied to test the parental and mutant lines, and three independent experiments were conducted with similar results; (d-f) Quantification of the field disease severity, separately inoculated with race 0 at Neupotz of Germany, race 1 at Homburg of France and race N at Quimperlé of France. Two to six replicates at each location were achieved. Statistical analysis was conducted using Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, and rows tested for resistance were indicated (Adopted from Yang et al., 2021) 7.3 Integrating multi-omics approaches for comprehensive resistance studies Nowadays, research no longer only looks at genes, but also adds more data, such as genome, transcriptome and metabolomic group. Combining this information can give a more comprehensive understanding of how corn resists mycotic diseases (Guo et al., 2022). These methods help to find out which genes are key and which pathways are important to fight the disease. At the same time, they also make genome-assisted breeding faster and more accurate. Through these techniques, researchers can better introduce disease-resistant genes into high-yield corn varieties. The ultimate goal is to breed corn that is resistant to a variety of diseases, increase yield, and reduce the use of pesticides. Acknowledgments Thanks Mr Y. Jin from the Institute of Life Science of Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University for his reading and revising suggestion. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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