Molecular Microbiology Research, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 1-9 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 1 Review Report Open Access Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation Techniques in Cucumis Chunxia Wu Modern Agricultural Research Center of Cuixi Academy of Biotechology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: chunxia.wu@cuixi.org Molecular Microbiology Research, 2025, Vol.15, No.1 doi: 10.5376/mmr.2025.15.0001 Received: 02 Nov., 2024 Accepted: 30 Dec, 2024 Published: 15 Jan, 2025 Copyright © 2025 Wu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wu C.X., 2025, Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation techniques in Cucumis, Molecular Microbiology Research, 15(1): 1-9 (doi: 10.5376/mmr.2025.15.0001) Abstract Cucumis plants play an important role in global agricultural production, including common crops such as cucumbers and melons. To meet the demand for high yield, disease-resistant and environmentally friendly crop varieties, Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation is widely used to improve the traits of these crops. This study systematically reviews the application of this technology in cucumber plants, and explores the mechanism of T-DNA metastasis, factors that affect transformation efficiency, and how to improve transformation efficiency by optimizing Agrobacterium rhizogeness strains, culture conditions, selection markers and reporter genes. In addition, the study also introduced the specific plans for the transformation of cucumber and melon genes in detail, analyzed the current challenges faced in the transformation process, such as resilience, low conversion rate and genetic stability, and proposed solutions. Through case studies and practical field applications, this study summarizes the successful practice of Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation technology in improving disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality improvement. Looking ahead, this technology will provide important support for sustainable breeding and agricultural production of cucumber plants. Keywords Cucumis; Agrobacterium; Genetic transformation; Transformation efficiency; Sustainable agriculture 1 Introduction Crops like cucumbers and melons are usually common on our dining table, but in fact they are also very important in agricultural production. They are not only able to sell money, but are also nutritious, rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber. They have long been one of the protagonists in the agricultural product supply chain (Chai et al., 2020). However, these alone are not enough. Now people pay more attention to new varieties that are high-yield, disease-resistant, and able to withstand environmental changes, while traditional breeding methods are increasingly unable to keep up with this demand. It’s not that traditional methods are useless, but that they are often too slow and too limited. At this time, gene conversion technology has become a new breakthrough. Among them, Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation technology is considered to be a relatively common method in plant genetic engineering and has good results. It essentially uses Agrobacterium rhizos to “suffle” specific genes into the plant genome, thereby changing certain traits of crops (Wang et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2023). Of course, not all plants are so easy to "treat". Cucumber is quite picky. Problems such as low conversion efficiency and large differences in different genotypes have always been a hurdle for the implementation of technology (Chai et al., 2020a; Liu et al., 2023). Therefore, it is still necessary to improve this method (Fan et al., 2020). This study mainly revolves around this aspect. It not only talks about the technology itself, but also analyzes in detail some key factors that will affect the efficiency of transformation, such as which type of material is used, how to match the culture conditions, how to perform different genotypes, etc. We also sorted out some optimization methods. In addition to the technical level, this study also summarizes the practical potential of this method in improving disease resistance, stress resistance and nutritional quality. For scientific researchers or breeding experts, these contents can provide many operational ideas and lay the foundation for sustainable breeding and improvement of cucumber plants in the future.
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