Journal of Vaccine Research, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 23-33 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 27 The nine-valent vaccine can reduce more cancers caused by HPV because it can prevent more high-risk types of viruses. The HPV vaccine offers the best protection among people who have never been infected with the virus, especially young women who were vaccinated before sexual activity (Arbyn and Xu, 2018). The World Health Organization suggests that girls aged 9 to 14 should receive two doses of the vaccine, while those aged 15 and above should receive three doses. As for men, vaccination with the quadrivalent vaccine can reduce the risk of long-term infection caused by HPV-6, 11, 16 and 18 viruses, and also reduce the occurrence of external genital lesions (Table 1) (Kamolratanakul and Pitisuttithum, 2021). Table 1 Efficacy and effectiveness of HPV vaccination against human papillomavirus in males. Outcome Type of vaccine Dose of vaccine HPV status at enrolment Vaccine efficacy or effectiveness (95% CI) Seroconversion after 1 month to HPV 6/11/16/18 (Giuliano et al., 2011) Quadrivalent vaccine Three doses Irrespective 97.4% DNA detection of HPV (intention-to-treat population) (Giuliano et al., 2011; Palefsky et al., 2011) Quadrivalent vaccine At least one dose - - HPV6 - - Irrespective 35.1%(20.3%to 47.3%) to 61.5% (42.3%to 74.8%) Naive 46.5% (30.2%to 59.2%) HPV11 - - Irrespective 43.2% (18.7%to 60.7%) to 54.7% (22.6%to 74.3%) Naive 50.5% (20.1%to 70.0%) HPV16 - -- Irrespective 28.0 (12.9to40.7 ) to 45.1% (18.0%to 63.7%) Naive 29.4% (10.1%to 44.7%) HPV18 - - Irrespective 33.9% (13.0%to 50.1%) to 49.5% (11.3%to 72.1%) - - Naive 45.0% (23.7%to 60.7%) Persistent infection (intention-to-treat population) (Giuliano et al., 2011; Palefsky et al., 2011) Quadrivalent vaccine At least one dose HPV6 - - Irrespective 44.7% (24.1 to 60.1) to 62.5% (37.5 to 78.2) HPV11 - - Irrespective 53.7% (7.5 to 78.0) to 59.4% (25.7 to 78.8) HPV16 - - Irrespective 46.9% (28.6 to 60.8) to 54.0% (23.9 to 72.9) HPV18 - - Irrespective 56.0% (28.2 to 73.7) to 73.6% (37.5 to 90.3) Condyloma acuminate (Giuliano et al., 2011; Palefsky et al., 2011) Quadrivalent vaccine At least one dose Irrespective 57.2 (15.9 to79.5) to 67.2% (47.3% to 80.3%) PIN grade 1 (Giuliano et al., 2011) Quadrivalent vaccine At least one dose Irrespective 25.6% (-339.9 to 89.1) PIN grade 2 or 3 (Giuliano et al., 2011) Quadrivalent vaccine At least one dose Irrespective -48.9% (-1682.6 to 82.9) AIN grade 1 (Palefsky et al., 2011) Quadrivalent vaccine At least one dose Irrespective 49.6% (21.2% to 68.4%) AINgrade 2 Quadrivalent vaccine At least one dose Irrespective 61.9% (21.4% to 82.8%) AINgrade 3 Quadrivalent vaccine At least one dose Irrespective 46.8% (-20.2%t o 77.9%) 5.2 Protective effect against oral HPV infection The HPV vaccine can effectively stimulate the human immune response. Many people who have received the vaccine will produce antibodies against oral HPV infection in their bodies, indicating that the vaccine can play a protective role. Studies have confirmed that vaccines are highly effective in preventing oral infections of
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==