Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 287-296 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 294 8.4 Strengthening education and awareness Teaching people about how safe and effective vaccines are is very important. Good education can help fight myths and fears about vaccines and encourage more people to get vaccinated. Campaigns should share clear messages about the strong protection and low risk of vaccines. Studies show that vaccines like MMR and MMRV have high success rates and only mild side effects (Zepp et al., 2007; Deichmann et al., 2015). Future research should also find the best ways to talk to the public and help them make informed choices about vaccines. Acknowledgments Thank you to colleagues and research partners for their support and assistance in the process of literature compilation. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bonanni P., Boccalini S., Bechini A., Varone O., Matteo G., Sandri F., and Gabutti G., 2019, Co-administration of vaccines: a focus on tetravalent Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella (MMRV) and meningococcal C conjugate vaccines, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(6): 1313-1321. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1688032 Crovari P., Gabutti G., Giammanco G., Dentico P., Moiraghi A., Ponzio F., and Soncini R., 2000, Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine: results of a multicentre trial, Vaccine, 18(25): 2796-2803. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00081-5 Czajka H., Schuster V., Zepp F., Esposito S., Douha M., and Willems P., 2009, A combined measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine (Priorix-Tetra): immunogenicity and safety profile, Vaccine, 27(47): 6504-6511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.076 Davidkin I., Jokinen S., Broman M., Leinikki P., and Peltola H., 2008, Persistence of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies in an MMR-vaccinated cohort: a 20-year follow-up, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 197(7): 950-956. https://doi.org/10.1086/528993 Davidkin I., Peltola H., Leinikki P., and Valle M., 2000, Duration of rubella immunity induced by two-dose measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination: a 15-year follow-up in Finland, Vaccine, 18(27): 3106-3112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00139-0 Davidkin I., and Valle M., 1998, Vaccine-induced measles virus antibodies after two doses of combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine: a 12-year follow-up in two cohorts, Vaccine, 16(20): 2052-2057. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00081-4 Deichmann K., Ferrera G., Tran C., Thomas S., Eymin C., and Baudin M., 2015, Immunogenicity and safety of a combined measles, mumps, rubella and varicella live vaccine (ProQuad®) administered concomitantly with a booster dose of a hexavalent vaccine in 12-23-month-old infants, Vaccine, 33(20): 2379-2386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.070 Destefano F., and Shimabukuro T., 2019, The MMR vaccine and autism, Annual Review of Virology, [Online ahead of print]. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015515 Di Pietrantonj C., Rivetti A., Marchione P., Debalini M., and Demicheli V., 2020, Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020(4): CD004407. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4 Fedrizzi E., Girondi J., Sakae T., Steffens S., De Souza Silvestrin A., Claro G., Iskenderian H., Hillmann B., Gervasi L., Trapani A., Rodrigues P., Vieira A., Evaristo S., Tristão F., Da Silva Muniz F., Nunes M., Beatriz N., Elpo J., Tiedje A., Siqueira L., Sens M., Nandi V., Pereira J., Henrique G., De Carvalho A., and De Morais R., 2021, Efficacy of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in the reducing the severity of COVID-19: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled clinical trial, medRxiv, Preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.14.21263598 Habib M., Povey M., Casabona G., Singh T., and Abu-Elyazeed R., 2023, Clinical trials show similar safety outcomes including febrile convulsion rates for GSK’s and Merck’s measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 19: [Article ID not provided], Online ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2023.2188852 He H., Chen E., Chen H., Wang Z., Li Q., Yan R., Guo J., Zhou Y., Pan J., and Xie S., 2014, Similar immunogenicity of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine administrated at 8 months versus 12 months age in children, Vaccine, 32(31): 4001-4005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.044 PMid: 24793900
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