Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 287-296 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 287 Research Insight Open Access Efficacy of Combined Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccines Jianbang Chen Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, 317099, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author email: chejb@qq.com Journal of Vaccine Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.6 doi: 10.5376/jvr.2024.14.0027 Received: 20 Sep., 2024 Accepted: 31 Oct., 2024 Published: 28 Nov., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Chen, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited Preferred citation for this article: Chen J.B., 2024, Efficacy of combined measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines, Journal of Vaccine Research, 14(6): 287-296 (doi: 10.5376/jvr.2024.14.0027) Abstract The combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has greatly helped reduce cases and deaths from these three diseases since it was introduced. However, some factors can affect how well the vaccine works. These include differences in individual immune response, low vaccine coverage in some areas, and changes in the viruses themselves. This study looks at how the MMR vaccine works, how effective it is in real-world use, and its impact on public health. It also discusses the main reasons that can affect vaccine success and suggests ways to improve vaccination strategies in the future. The results show that the MMR vaccine works very well to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. The protection rate for measles and rubella is about 95%~99%. The protection against mumps is also good, but it may be a bit lower for some types of the virus. Having high vaccination rates is very important for reaching herd immunity and stopping the spread of these diseases. Many countries have greatly reduced outbreaks through their vaccination programs. The MMR vaccine is generally safe. Most people only have mild side effects like fever or rash. Serious side effects are very rare. The benefits of getting vaccinated are much greater than the risks of not being vaccinated. The MMR vaccine is still one of the best tools we have to control and prevent these diseases. Better virus tracking, new types of combined vaccines, and personalized vaccination plans could help make the vaccine even more effective. Raising public awareness about the importance of vaccines is also key to increasing coverage and helping reach global disease elimination goals. Keywords Measles; Mumps; Rubella; Combined vaccine; Herd immunity 1 Introduction Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are highly contagious viral diseases that remain a big challenge for public health around the world. Measles alone causes many serious health problems, especially in children. It can lead to pneumonia, brain swelling (encephalitis), and even death (Tischer and Gerike, 2000; Povey et al., 2019). Mumps can cause complications like meningitis, swollen testicles (orchitis), and hearing loss. Rubella is especially dangerous for pregnant women because it can cause congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which leads to birth defects or miscarriage (Marin et al., 2010). These diseases cause a heavy burden on health systems globally. Vaccination has been the best way to control and prevent them. It lowers the number of cases, reduces the spread of infection, and helps prevent serious health complications (Tischer and Gerike, 2000; Davidkin et al., 2008). The combined MMR vaccine was developed to make immunization easier and to improve coverage. The first combined MMR vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1971. Since then, many countries have started using it (Marin et al., 2010). The introduction of this vaccine was an important step in public health and helped greatly reduce the number of measles, mumps, and rubella cases. The combined vaccine has several benefits. It reduces the number of shots needed, helps more people complete the vaccine schedule, and is more cost-effective (Czajka et al., 2009; Bonanni et al., 2019). The MMR vaccine also provides strong and long-lasting protection. Studies show that most people stay immune for many years after getting vaccinated (Davidkin et al., 2008; Yhu-Chering et al., 2019). This study aims to review how well the MMR vaccine works to prevent these three diseases. It will look at how the vaccine helps stop the spread of infection, its success in reducing outbreaks, and the challenges of keeping
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