Medicinal Plant Research 2026, Vol.16, No.4, 296-312 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 304 accumulation (Xue et al., 2023). In Hopea hainanensis, 0~30% shading was most favorable overall, and a dynamic strategy of initial 30% shading followed by gradual reduction was proposed to support early establishment and later biomass partitioning. In plastic-greenhouse cultivation of Cyclocarya, shading increased survival, reduced leaf burn, and improved biomass compared with the unshaded control, which suffered inhibited growth under summer heat (Feng et al., 2023). These results indicate that T. hemsleyanum cuttings and young rooted seedlings should be protected from intense direct radiation, especially in warm seasons or enclosed facilities, but should not be maintained under chronically deep shade. Table 1 Four planting modes of T. hemsleyanum(Adopted from Hu et al., 2023) Planting modes Main steps Renderings Greenhouse-ridge Build artificial greenhouse; Arrange the land into ridges; PlantingT. hemsleyanum Understory-ridge Select suitable understory planting land; Arrange the land into ridges; PlantingT. hemsleyanum Greenhouse-container Build artificial greenhouses; Put the soil in a suitable container and place it neatly; PlantingT. hemsleyanum Understory-container Select suitable understory planting areas; Put the soil in a suitable container and place it neatly; PlantingT. hemsleyanum Ventilation should be coordinated with shading and humidity management rather than maximized indiscriminately, because air exchange can reduce heat accumulation and disease-favoring stagnation but may also disrupt the high-humidity microclimate required for unrooted cuttings (Ventura et al., 2019). In microcutting systems, a shade
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