Medicinal Plant Research 2026, Vol.16, No.4, 266-282 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 278 predictive accuracy, and provide web-based supervision for low-cost deployment, although infrastructure cost, interoperability, and rural connectivity remain important implementation constraints (Tace et al., 2022; Miller et al., 2025). 8 Conclusions and Perspectives Water and fertilizer management plays an important role in fruit yield formation of Rubus chingii. Appropriate irrigation and balanced nutrient supply can regulate photosynthesis, reproductive development, fruit set, fruit enlargement, and resource-use efficiency, thereby improving yield performance. Studies in fruit crops show that moderate water and fertilizer inputs generally achieve better production performance than excessive application, while balanced fertilization promotes photosynthetic capacity and assimilate supply, providing a physiological basis for stable fruit development. For R. chingii, rational water-fertilizer management is therefore a key strategy for achieving efficient and sustainable yield formation. Water-fertilizer regulation also has great potential for improving fruit quality and medicinal value in R. chingii. By optimizing water supply and nutrient allocation, it can regulate sugar-acid balance, nutritional characteristics, and the accumulation of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, ellagic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. Moderate water regulation and balanced fertilization may promote the coordinated improvement of edible quality and medicinal quality, providing an effective approach for producing high-value raw materials for both food and traditional medicine applications. Future R. chingii production should focus on developing precision water-fertilizer management systems based on cultivar characteristics, growth stages, environmental conditions, and intelligent monitoring technologies. Precision drip fertigation, sensor-based regulation, and data-driven models are promising approaches for improving water and nutrient use efficiency. Further studies should establish region-specific management thresholds, evaluate economic and ecological benefits, and integrate genotype selection, stage-based fertigation, biological inputs, and smart sensing technologies to achieve simultaneous improvements in yield, fruit quality, medicinal value, and sustainable production efficiency. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Anđelić T., Tomić J., Rilak B., Karaklajić-Stajić Ž., Milivojević J., Radivojević D., and Vujović T., 2025, Field performance of tissue culture and standard propagated raspberry under different irrigation regimes, Horticulturae, 11(1): 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11010023 Bao L., Zhang S.H., Liang X., Wang P., Guo Y., Sun Q., Zhou J., and Chen Z.J., 2023, Intelligent drip fertigation increases water and nutrient use efficiency of watermelon in greenhouse without compromising the yield, Agricultural Water Management, 282: 108278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108278 Bolhassani Z., Feizian M., Sadegh Kasmaei L., and Etesami H., 2024, Mitigating water deficit stress in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) through integrated soil amendments: a pathway to sustainable agriculture, BMC Plant Biology, 24(1): 900. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05624-1 Bonelli L., Montesano F.F., D’Imperio M., Gonnella M., Boari A., Leoni B., and Serio F., 2024, Sensor-based fertigation management enhances resource utilization and crop performance in soilless strawberry cultivation, Agronomy, 14(3): 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030465 Cai X., Fan H., Deng H., Li W., Wang H., Zhang J., and Li M., 2025, Optimizing nutrient management protocol for Ophiopogon japonicus-corn intercropping: impacts on growth, yield, and medicinal quality, PeerJ, 13: e19655. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19655 Carroll J.L., Orr S.T., Benedict C.A., DeVetter L.W., and Bryla D.R., 2024, Feasibility of using pulse drip irrigation for increasing growth, yield, and water productivity of red raspberry, HortScience, 59(3): 332-339. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17467-23 Chatzistathis T., Sarropoulou V., Papaioannou E., and Giannakoula A., 2025, Inorganic and organic fertilization effects on the growth, nutrient uptake, chlorophyll fluorescence and fruit quality in Solanum melongena L. plants, Agronomy, 15(4): 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15040872
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