Medicinal Plant Research 2026, Vol.16, No.4, 253-265 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 264 biomass loss, and endophytic bacteria fromF. thunbergii showed potential for nutrient promotion and biocontrol against Fusarium pathogens. Overall, the most promising path is an integrated system that combines rapid propagation, standardized quality evaluation, and ecological precision cultivation, thereby supporting the large-scale, high-quality, and sustainable modernization of F. thunbergii production. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. 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