Medicinal Plant Research 2026, Vol.16, No.1, 31-51 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 42 Trellising management should follow the principle of not affecting normal tree growth or damaging the ecological structure of the forestland. Under bamboo forests and fruit forests, low supports, bamboo-pole supports, mesh frames, or simple hedge frames can be used to guide T. hemsleyanum vines upward or along the support surface, reducing ground contact and moisture accumulation. In simulated wild cultivation under broad-leaved forests, natural tree trunks, shrubs, or ecological supports can be appropriately used for climbing. Although systematic studies on dedicated understory trellising systems for T. hemsleyanum remain limited, experience from other medicinal climbing plants and vines can provide useful references. For example, trellised cultivation of Codonopsis javanica can increase plant height and leaf size compared with non-trellised treatment, showing certain practical application value (Son and Giang, 2026). Broader studies on climbing plants have shown that supports with small diameters and close spacing are important for climbers to form stable support networks (Figure 3) (Soffiatti et al., 2022; Yu et al., 2025). Figure 3 Four phases of stem growth that make up a trellis and which were sampled for mechanical properties and structural development (Adopted from Soffiatti et al., 2022) Image caption: (A) Self-supporting stem, a young stem that has not yet encountered a support. (B) Pendulous stem that has not encountered a support. (C) Climbing stem represented by a young shoot, which has encountered a support and which has developed twining on that support. (D) A “fixed stem”, a stem that shows the upper and lower phases of twining so that the segment in between the two attachment points is completely fixed between two sections of twining onto a host stem (Adopted from Soffiatti et al., 2022)
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