Plant Gene and Trait 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 20-35 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 33 regulation of maple leaf color is expected in the future, cultivating more excellent varieties possessing both ornamental value and environmental adaptability. With technological advancements and the increasing demands of urban greening, the application of maple trees in landscape design is becoming increasingly widespread, but it also faces challenges such as climate change and urban environmental stress. In the future, molecular breeding based on genetic information and gene editing technology are expected to cultivate more superior varieties with stable leaf color and strong adaptability. Simultaneously, combined with digital planning tools and intelligent maintenance systems, precise design and sustainable management of maple landscapes can be achieved, enabling them to play a greater role in beautifying cities, inheriting culture, and promoting tourism. Through interdisciplinary integration, organically combining genetics, ecology, landscape design, and smart city technologies, this traditional ornamental tree species will surely radiate new vitality and vigor in modern urban landscapes, bringing people richer and more colorful autumn visual feasts. Acknowledgments The author extends sincere thanks to Professor Fang for his feedback on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Chen M.J., Li H., Zhang W., Huang L., and Zhu J.L., 2022, Transcriptomic analysis of the differences in leaf color formation during stage transitions in Populus × euramericana ‘Zhonghuahongye’, Agronomy, 12(10): 2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102396 Chen Z., Lu X.Y., Xuan Y., Tang F., Wang J., Shi D., Fu S., and Ren J., 2019, Transcriptome analysis based on a combination of sequencing platforms provides insights into leaf pigmentation in Acer rubrum, BMC Plant Biology, 19(1): 240. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1850-7 Chen Z., Shah F.A, Lu X., Zhu L., Wei G., Meng X., Ma Q.Y, and Ren J., 2025, The ApWRKY26/ApERF4-ApMYB2 module regulates anthocyanin accumulation for the seasonal leaf color transition in Acer palmatum, Horticulture Research, 13(1): uhaf257. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf257 Fan H.Z, Liao H.M, Shen Y.X, Sani M., Yong J., and Song J., 2024, Unravelling the physiological and molecular mechanisms of leaf color change in Acer griseum through multi-omics analysis, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 216: 109198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109198 Ferus P., 2023, Mechanisms involved in alien maples (Acer sp.) invasion process in the Central Europe, testing hypotheses associated with species fitness, Urban Ecosystems, 26(5): 1455-1467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01390-4 Gao Y.F., Zhao D., Zhang J., Chen J., and Rong L., 2020, De novo transcriptome sequencing and anthocyanin metabolite analysis reveals leaf color of Acer pseudosieboldianum in autumn, BMC Genomics, 22(1): 383. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07715-x Gong Z., Chen S., Li X., LüW., Li M., Jin X., Gao Y., and Rong L., 2025, Anthocyanin metabolites and related regulatory genes analysis in leaves of Acer Pseudosieboldianum mutant during different periods of color change, BMC Genomics 26(1): 182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11378-3 Jie R., Zhu C., Fei T., Yun X., Fan Y., Xiaoyu L., and Songling F., 2019, Study on leaf color related chemicals components based on comparing Acer rubum L. cv. Yanhong and Jinseqiutian., Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 46(3): 420-425. Kunakh O., and Zhukov O., 2025, The Norway maple (Acer platanoides) population space location and vital state in the urban park, Agrology, 8(1): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.32819/202504 Li M., Weng Z., Gong Z., Li X., Ye J., Gao Y., and Rong L., 2025, cDNA cloning bioinformatics and expression analysis of ApsANS in Acer pseudosieboldianum, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(5): 1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051865 Lin L.J., Lin L., and Zhu Z.Y., 2022, ‘Fendai’ ‘Simmeiwu’ and ‘Caizhe’: three new ornamental Acer elegantulum cultivars, HortScience, 57(5): 589-591. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16349-21 Lisica A., Stojanović N., Tešić M., Petrović J., and Stavretović N., 2023, Maples (Acer L.) in the streets of central part of beograde: conditions and functionality, Acta Herbologica, 32(1): 21-23. https://doi.org/10.5937/actaherb2301021l
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