Plant Gene and Trait 2026, Vol.17, No.1, 12-19 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/pgt 15 survival rate of 94%; Mode II had an average of 45 survivors, with a survival rate of 90%; and Mode III had an average of 35 survivors, with a survival rate of 70%. Figure 1 Survival rate under different nursery modes The contingency table chi-square test indicated significant differences in survival rates among nursery modes (χ²=12.74, df=2, p=0.0017). Pairwise comparisons showed that the difference between Mode I and Mode III was significant (Fisher’s exact test, p<0.01). The difference between Mode II and Mode III reached significance before correction (p≈0.02) but was not significant after Bonferroni adjustment. No significant difference was detected between Mode I and Mode II (p>0.05). Relative risk (RR) analysis showed that, compared with Mode III, both Mode I and Mode II had RR values greater than 1, with 95% confidence intervals not crossing 1. Overall, container-based nursery modes exhibited approximately a 20-percentage-point higher survival rate than direct field cutting. 3.2 Effects of Canopy Closure Gradient on Establishment Survival The establishment survival of T. hemsleyanum under different forest stand conditions is shown in Figure 2. Each plot included 100 transplanted individuals. In the canopy closure 0.6 stand (Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation), the average number of surviving plants was 85 (85% survival); in the 0.5 closure stand (Moso bamboo forest), 60 plants survived (60%); in the 0.8 closure stand (natural broadleaf forest), 75 plants survived (75%); and in the 0.7 closure stand (Metasequoia glyptostroboides, biodegradable planting bags), 95 plants survived (95%). Figure 2 Establishment survival rate under different canopy closure levels
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