Genomics and Applied Biology 2026, Vol.17, No.5, 299-311 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 310 packages. More work is also needed on simplified and precision pruning methods that reduce labor while preserving yield. At the mechanistic level, studies integrating transcriptomics, hormone profiling, and canopy physiology would clarify how topping regulates branch development and floral formation. Acknowledgments I extend my sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable and insightful comments, which have greatly strengthened this paper. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bala M., and Kaur K., 2026, Morphological and reproductive trait analysis for assessment of genetic diversity in Chrysanthemum morifoliumRamat., BMC Plant Biology, 26(1): 1225. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08824-z Cao D., Chabikwa T., Barbier F., Dun E.A., Fichtner F., Dong L., Kerr S.C., and Beveridge C.A., 2023, Auxin-independent effects of apical dominance induce changes in phytohormones correlated with bud outgrowth, Plant Physiology, 192(2): 1420-1434. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad034 Chandio S.R., Meghwar M.R., Shar A.B., Wagan M.A., and Shar I.A., 2023, Effect of pinching on growth and yield of marigold, Big Data in Agriculture, 5(2): 53-56. https://doi.org/10.26480/bda.02.2023.53.56 Das R., and Patra S.K., 2025, Influence of pinching on growth and flowering of spray type of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) cv. Shyamal, Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 31(4): 1404. https://doi.org/10.53550/EEC.2025.v31i04.011 Ehsanullah M., Tarapder S.A., Maukeeb A.R.M., Khan A.U., and Khan A.U., 2021, Effect of pinching on growth and quality flower production of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicumL.), Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science, 1(2): 62-68. https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.v1i2.15 Jena S., Mohanty C.R., Patra C., and Dash R.M., 2021, Effect of pinching on growth and flowering of annual chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronariumL.), Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(2): 1042-1045. Kathad S.V., Masu M.M., Parekh D.D., and Bagadia I.K., 2024, Effect of different plant spacing and time of pinching on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifoliumL.) cv. Ratlam Selection, International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 8(7): 1060-1063. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i7m.1665 Kaur J., and Singh J., 2024, Effect of pinching and growth regulators on vegetative growth, flowering and pot presentability of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) cv. Pusa Shwet, Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 30(1): 88-91. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i01.016 Sahu J.K., Sahu D., Kispotta G.S., and Nag K., 2024, Effects of pinching and plant growth regulators on chrysanthemum productivity in the central plain zone of Punjab, Environment Conservation Journal, 25(2): 575-580. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.25362712 Liu H., Wu Y., Lu J., Gou T., Zhao S., Chen F., Chen S., Fang W., and Guan Z., 2025, Predictive modeling study on the critical nitrogen concentration and accumulation in cut chrysanthemum based on the cumulative photo-thermal effect, Horticulturae, 11(11): 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11111313 Mangulal R., Laxminarayana D., Prasanth P., Jyothi G., and Praneeth Kumar S., 2025, Effect of pinching and plant growth retardants on vegetative growth of annual chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria L.) under Central Telangana conditions, Plant Archives, 2025: 2517-2522. https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2025.v25.no.2.359 Matsunaga A., and Sasaki H., 2026, Lateral shoot development response to multi-pinching in the garland chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Stick-syungiku’, The Horticulture Journal, 95(2): 245-253. https://doi.org/10.2503/hortj.SZD-075 Mohanty M., Mohanty C.R., Jena S., and Mohanty S., 2025, Impact of pinching on growth and flowering of annual chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronariumL.), Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 31: S141. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2025.v31i01s.026 Nagdeve N.S., Khobragade H.M., Thakare A., Gajbhiye R.P., and Mandhare K.S., 2021, Effect of plant spacing and pinching on growth and flower yield of annual chrysanthemum, International Journal of Chemical Studies, 9(1): 491-495. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1g.11279 Nateshkumar A., Indhumathi K., Arunkumar R., Chitra R., Sangeetha M., and Hariraj N., 2025, Impact of canopy architecture on phenology and production efficiency of flower crops: A review, Plant Science Today, 12: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.10508
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==