Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 320-332 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 326 Additionally, by comparing the transcriptomes of root zones in Arabidopsis, it was found that after RAM exhaustion, P. pringlei root tip cells retain some functionality, similar to the differentiated cells in Arabidopsis. The study also identified several lineage-specific transcripts potentially related to RAM exhaustion, which may play a role in root development regulation and warrant further exploration. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Cactaceae species' adaptation to arid environments and serves as a reference for understanding the evolution and genetic regulation of root system development in plants. Figure 2 Silencing of HmoWRKY40inhibits betalain production (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2021) Image caption: (A) Virus-induced gene silencing of HmoWRKY40 in red scales. Bars = 2 cm, (B) Betalain contents in pitaya scales after virus-induced silencing of HmoWRKY40 (* indicates p < 0.05). Three independent experiments were conducted (n = 3). The error bars indicate one standard error, (C) RT-qPCR analyses of HmoWRKY40 in virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) treatment scales. The expression level of pTRV2-HmoWRKY40 was used as the calibrator (set as 1). The data represent mean values from three biological replicates (±S.D.). ** indicates significant differences at p value < 0.01 using a two-tailed t-test and (D) RT-qPCR analyses of HmoCYP76AD1 in VIGS treatment scales. The expression level of pTRV2-HmoCYP76AD1 was used as the calibrator (set as 1). The data represent mean values from three biological replicates (±S.D.). ** indicates significant differences at p value < 0.01 using a two-tailed t-test (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2021) 6.2 Pitaya genome analysis and betalain regulation study Pitaya, an important tropical fruit tree of the Cactaceae family, has gained significant attention for its unique nutritional value and abundant betalains. However, the lack of a reference genome has greatly limited its breeding and evolutionary studies. Chen et al. (2021) constructed a chromosome-scale genome, revealing the evolutionary trajectory of the pitaya genome and the regulatory mechanisms of betalain biosynthesis. The study utilized multiple sequencing methods, including PacBio, Illumina, 10× Genomics, and Hi-C, successfully assembling a 1.41 Gb genome and annotating 27 753 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that pitaya has undergone whole-genome triplication (WGT) and recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, which are major drivers of its genome expansion.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzMg==