Genomics and Applied Biology 2024, Vol.15, No.6, 285-295 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/gab 287 Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating the expression of photosynthetic genes. The NAC transcription factor IbNAC43, for example, negatively impacts photosynthetic efficiency by causing leaf curling and reducing chlorophyll content (Figure 1) (Sun et al., 2023). Conversely, the B-box transcription factor IbBBX29 enhances leaf biomass and flavonoid accumulation, which are associated with improved photosynthetic performance (Gao et al., 2022). Another important TF, IbC3H18, has been shown to enhance abiotic stress tolerance and regulate genes involved in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (Zhang et al., 2019). Figure 1 Phenotypes of transgenic and wild-type (WT) sweet potato plants in the greenhouse (Adopted from Sun et al., 2023) Image caption: (A) Plant stature and leaf phenotypes of both WT and transgenic plants. Scale bar, 1 cm. ad, adaxial side; ab, abaxial side. (B) Leaf rolling index (LRI). Data are presented as the mean ± SE (n = 6). (C) Relative chlorophyll content. (D) Photosynthetic rate. Data are presented as the mean ± SE (n = 3). Asterisks denote significant differences based on a Student’s t-test. **p < 0.01 (Adopted from Sun et al., 2023) 3.2 Signal transduction pathways affecting photosynthesis Signal transduction pathways are integral to the regulation of photosynthesis, particularly under stress conditions. The overexpression of IbMIPS1, for instance, activates phosphatidylinositol (PI) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways, which are crucial for maintaining photosynthetic efficiency under salt and drought stress (Zhai et al., 2016). Additionally, the non-tandem CCCH-type zinc-finger protein IbC3H18 regulates abiotic stress-responsive genes through ABA signaling, thereby enhancing photosynthetic performance under adverse conditions (Zhang et al., 2019). Photoreceptors and hormones significantly influence photosynthetic regulation. The transcription factor IbBBX29, which is induced by the hormone auxin (IAA), modulates the expression of genes involved in auxin signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby enhancing photosynthetic efficiency (Gao et al., 2022). Furthermore, the symbiotic relationship with Piriformospora indica has been shown to increase photosynthetic pigments and efficiency, partly through the regulation of jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense mechanisms (Li et al., 2020).
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