Bioscience Evidence 2026, Vol.16, No.3, 171-185 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 182 8.4 Strengthening regional breeding and extension systems Studies on genetic diversity and the development of core germplasm collections indicate that greater attention should be given to the strategic use of germplasm resources from different geographic regions as well as wild relatives during breeding programs. At present, several regional breeding projects have successfully combined genomic technologies, controlled-environment screening methods (such as artificial-light cultivation), and field evaluations to develop high-performance radish lines suitable for protected cultivation and cold-region production (Sinyavina et al., 2023). In the future, stronger collaboration among research institutions, agricultural extension services, and farmers will be needed to accelerate the transfer and application of research results in winter radish production. Author Contributions We are grateful to Ms. Xuan for her critically reading the manuscript and providing valuable feedback. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Reference Al-Bayati A.S., and Alhasnawi N.J.R., 2025, Leaf physiological attributes and root productivity of two radish cultivars as influenced via low tunnel plastic sheeting and silicon foliar application under cold stress, Plant Science Today, 12(3): 1-7. Alhasnawi N.J.R., and Al-Bayati A.S., 2023, Synergistic effects of low tunnel polyethylene covering and silicon spraying on growth and yield of two radish varieties under cold stress, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1262(4): 042067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/4/042067 Chang-Brahim I., Koppensteiner L.J., Beltrame L., Bodner G., Saranti A., Salzinger J., Fanta-Jende P., Sulzbachner C., Bruckmüller F., Trognitz F., Samad-Zamini M., Zechner E., Holzinger A., and Molin E.M., 2024, Reviewing the essential roles of remote phenotyping, GWAS and explainable AI in practical marker-assisted selection for drought-tolerant winter wheat breeding, Frontiers in Plant Science, 15: 1319938. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1319938 Chen H., Sun X., Zhou S., Wang J.J., and Zhou L., 2022, Spatio-temporal characteristics of winter cold events in China from 1960 to 2020, Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 10(05): 94-110. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2022.105008 Chen S., Liao N., Bi H., Xu L., Wang Y., Mao B., Zhang X., Cui F., Ma Y., and Liu L., 2025a, RsWRKY49 promotes cold tolerance via activating the expression of RsCBF2 and RsNR2 in radish (Raphanus sativus L.), The Plant Journal, 122(5): e70256. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70256 Chen S., Xu L., Wang Y., Mao B., Zhang X., Song Q., Cui F., Ma Y., Dong J., Wang K., Bi H., and Liu L., 2025, RsWRKY40 coordinates the cold stress response by integrating RsSPS1-mediated sucrose accumulation and the CBF-dependent pathway in radish (Raphanus sativus L.), Molecular Horticulture, 5(1): 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43897-024-00135-x Chen T., Dai J., Chen X., Liang C., Shi T., Lyu Y., Zhao F., Wu X., Gao M., Huang J., Zhou S., and Dolman H., 2024, Agricultural land management extends the duration of the impacts of extreme climate events on vegetation in double-cropping systems in the Yangtze-Huai Plain China, Ecological Indicators, 158: 111488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111488 Dahal K.M., Sharma M.D., Mishra K., Srivastava A., and Poudel B., 2020, Evaluation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties under net house for off season, Azarian Journal of Agriculture, 7(6): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.52547/azarinj.045 Elhakeem A., Porre R.J., Hoffland E., Van Dam J.C., Drost S.M., and De Deyn G.B., 2023, Radish-based cover crop mixtures mitigate leaching and increase availability of nitrogen to the cash crop, Field Crops Research, 292: 108803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108803 Feng Y., Li Z., Kong X., Khan A., Ullah N., and Zhang X., 2025, Plant coping with cold stress: Molecular and physiological adaptive mechanisms with future perspectives, Cells, 14(2): 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14020110 Freychet N., Tett S.F.B., Abatan A.A., Schurer A., and Feng Z., 2021, Widespread persistent extreme cold events over south-east China: Mechanisms, trends, and attribution, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 126(1): e2020JD033447. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033447 Fu D., and Ding Y., 2021, The study of changing characteristics of the winter temperature and extreme cold events in China over the past six decades, International Journal of Climatology, 41(4): 2480-2494. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6970
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