Bioscience Evidence 2026, Vol.16, No.1, 1-11 http://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/be 4 123.52 cm compared to 112.19 cm without H2O2. In contrast, plants exposed to salt stress without hydrogen peroxide were generally shorter than the control, with significant reductions occurring at higher NaCl concentrations (200~250 mM). Table 2 Growth parameters of Zeamays under salinity treatments with and without Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application Parameters With and withoutHP Salinity treatment (mM NaCl) 0 50 100 150 200 250 Survival (%) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Plant height (cm) WHP 160.76±2.69c 119.69±0.29b 119.40±0.30b 114.69±0.87ab 113.99±0.50ab 112.19±0.29ab PHP 173.08±1.26c 150.12±0.47b 123.76±0.28ab 118.52±0.26a 120.62±0.25a 123.52±0.27a Stem girth (cm) WHP 27.23±0.08a 22.83±0.22a 21.13±0.21a 19.76±0.27ab 18.49±0.06ab 18.11±0.13ab PHP 25.30±0.06a 22.95±0.08a 22.12±0.08a 18.52±0.05a 17.57±0.04a 17.55±0.03a Number of leaves WHP 13.00±0.00a 12.75±0.16a 12.63±0.18a 12.00±0.19a 11.25±0.16a 10.87±0.13a PHP 13.00±0.00a 14.00±0.00a 12.75±0.16a 12.00±0.00a 12.00±0.00a 12.00±0.00a Leaf length (cm) WHP 25.35±0.04a 21.43±0.13a 20.35±0.05a 19.79±0.23a 19.49±0.15a 20.71±1.28a PHP 23.53±0.18a 20.05±0.06ab 19.52±0.05ab 19.70±0.00ab 19.78±0.23ab 19.46±0.05ab Leaf breadth (cm) WHP 9.80±0.05a 7.98±0.04a 7.6±0.03a 7.25±0.02a 7.20±0.04a 7.07±0.03a PHP 9.58±0.05a 9.13±0.04a 7.93±0.0.3a 7.46±0.42a 7.31±0.03a 7.36±0.04a Leaf area (cm2) WHP 133.02±0.67a 124.15±0.39ab 114.74±0.25b 107.82±0.78b 109.10±0.31b 105.25±0.16b PHP 127.51±0.74a 124.48±0.39a 114.28±0.32ab 107.00±0.11b 104.230.16b 103.99±0.08b Number of roots WHP 32.25±0.59a 31.88±0.30a 26.25±0.45ab 19.87±0.44ab 23.50±0.65ab 22.88±0.67ab PHP 32.25±0.49a 28.62±1.49b 23.25±0.37bc 20.37±0.50bc 22.75±0.31bc 22.50±0.27bc Root length (cm) WHP 64.66±2.87a 44.17±0.56b 42.03±0.79b 40.87±2.63b 33.53±0.46c 37.73±4.39c PHP 66.76±2.04a 55.48±0.63b 54.68±1.84b 43.30±0.10bc 36.40±1.27bc 45.88±0.69bc Number of tassels WHP 11.38±0.26a 11.50±0.19a 11.37±0.18a 11.25±0.16a 11.12±0.23a 12.38±0.18a PHP 11.63±0.26a 11.37±0.18a 11.25±0.16a 11.50±0.19a 11.62±0.26a 11.75±0.25a Note: Values are mean ± standard error of 8 replicates (Tukey HSD test at p≤0.05). Mean with the same alphabet(s) along the row are not significantly different from each other. PHP: plus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); WHP: without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Figure 1 Effect of salinity stress with hydrogen peroxide (A) and without hydrogen peroxide (B) onZeamays growth Stem girth was influenced by salinity, with hydrogen peroxide treated plants showing minor improvements at 50~150 mM NaCl compared to the control. However, at 200~250 mM NaCl, stem girth declined, though the reduction was less than without hydrogen peroxide. Without hydrogen peroxide, stem girth generally decreased under salinity, with significant reductions observed at higher NaCl levels. Leaf production was also affected by salinity. At lower concentrations (50~100 mM NaCl), plants produced similar or slightly fewer leaves than the control, though the change was not significant. However, at higher concentrations (150~250 mM NaCl), leaf production declined, though the reduction was not significantly different from the control in many cases. Similarly, in plants grown without hydrogen peroxide, the number of leaves
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