IJMS_2026v16n1

International Journal of Marine Science, 2026, Vol.16, No.1, 14-29 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ijms 27 Acknowledgments I extend my sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable and insightful comments, which have greatly strengthened this paper. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abdallah R., Adam H., Abouelell S., Ibrahim A., and Mohamed N.T., 2022, Effect of adding garlic, probiotics and moringa on growth performance, food utilization and haematological parameters of grass carp fingerlings Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes, 1844), Aswan University Journal of Environmental Studies, 3(2): 117-128. https://doi.org/10.21608/aujes.2022.118272.1056 Ajamhasani E., Akrami R., Najdegerami E.H., Chitsaz H., and Shamloofar M., 2023, Different carbon sources and probiotics in biofloc based common carp (Cyprinus carpio) culture: Effects on water quality, growth performance, fish welfare and liver histopathology, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 54(6): 1546-1562. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12993 Assan D., Kuebutornye F.K.A., Hlordzi V., Chen H., Mráz J., Mustapha U.F., and Abarike E.D., 2022, Effects of probiotics on digestive enzymes of fish (finfish and shellfish); status and prospects: a mini review, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 257: 110653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110653 Chomová N., Ratvaj M., Mudroňová D., Popelka P., Mareš J., Palíková M., and Faldyna M., 2025, Feed enriched by autochthonous probiotic bacteria and its effect on growth and immune response under different feeding regimes and immune response after Aeromonas salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquaculture International, 33(4): 267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-025-01950-9 Coulibaly W.H., Kouadio N.R., Camara F., Diguță C., and Matei F., 2023, Functional properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Ivory Coast, BMC Microbiology, 23(1): 152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02899-6 Elsegeny S.R., Radwan F.S., Elshamy Y.M., Amer S.M., Mohamed R.A., Shokrak N.M., and Abdella B., 2025, A comprehensive overview of probiotics in aquaculture: from efficacy evaluation to diverse applications, Annals of Microbiology, 75(1): 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-025-01825-7 Fachri M., Amoah K., Huang Y., Cai J., Alfatat A., Ndandala C., Shija V.M., Jin X., Bissih F., and Chen H., 2024, Probiotics and paraprobiotics in aquaculture: a sustainable strategy for enhancing fish growth, health and disease prevention-a review, Frontiers in Marine Science, 11: 1499228. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1499228 Gao X., Peng Y., Gao X., Zhu Z., Zhang J., Cheng W., Cai M., Zheng L., Huang F., and Zhang J., 2024, Effects of probiotics and its extracellular products on the growth performance, immune response, and Aeromonas hydrophila resistance of grass carp, Aquaculture Research, 2024(1): 5555865. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5555865 Gharti K., Yan L., Li K., Boonpeng N., and Liu L., 2023, Growth and muscle quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in in-pond raceway aquaculture and traditional pond culture, Water, 15(9): 1771. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091771 Gong L., He H., Li D., Cao L., Khan T., Li Y., Pan L., Yan L., Ding X., Sun Y., Zhang Y., Yi G., Hu S., and Xia L., 2019, A new isolate of Pediococcus pentosaceus (SL001) with antibacterial activity against fish pathogens and potency in facilitating the immunity and growth performance of grass carps, Frontiers in Microbiology, 10: 1384. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01384 Guo D., Xie M., Xiao H., Xu L., Zhang S., Chen X., and Wu Z., 2022, Bacillus subtilis supplementation in a high-fat diet modulates the gut microbiota and ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Fishes, 7(3): 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7030094 Hao K., Wu Z.-Q., Li D.-L., Yu X., Wang G., and Ling F., 2017, Effects of dietary administration of Shewanella xiamenensis A-1, Aeromonas veronii A-7, and Bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal microbiota, Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 9(4): 386-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9269-7 James G., Das B., Jose S., and V.J R., 2021, Bacillus as an aquaculture friendly microbe, Aquaculture International, 29(1): 323-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00630-0 Khan T.A., Zhu Z., Alshaya D.S., Luo P., Attia K.A., Muhammad U., Rang J., Hu S., and Xia L., 2024, Bacillus methylotrophicus influences on the virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila and probiotic applications in Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aquaculture Reports, 39: 102440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102440

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