International Journal of Aquaculture, 2026, Vol.16, No.3, 196-202 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 200 4 Materials and Methods 4.1 Experimental site The study was conducted at fish nutrition unit of the Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The University is located along Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno state with the mean monthly temperature is highest (40.2 ℃) prior the onset of the rain in June and the lowest (31.3 ℃) during the peak of the rainy period of August. The area has an average mean annual rainfall of about 550 mm (Shettima et al., 2018). 4.2 Experimental fish One hundred and fifty Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were procured from Aquarium Planet Agric Business Services, a private fish farm in Maiduguri, Borno State. 4.3 Source of experimental feed ingredients Feed ingredients was purchased at Custom Market, Maiduguri Borno State which include: soybeans, fishmeal, maize, oil and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Other ingredients including premix, lysine, methionine, calcium, vitamin C, salt and binder were procured at Gidan madara. The soybean was toasted and ground into powdered form separately. 4.4 Feed formulation and compounding Pearson's square method was employed to formulate the experimental diets at 38.89cp the experimental feed ingredients were grounded separately into a powdered form and measured based on the inclusion level (Table 5), then mixed thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous product and water was added to form dough. S. cerevisiae was supplemented at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%). The dough was then pelleted using pelleting machine. The pelleted diets were sun dried and packaged in polythene bag in well-ventilated room under ambient temperature. Table 5 Gross composition of ingredients with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inclusion level Ingredient SC 0.0% SC 0.5% SC 1.0% SC 1.5%, SC 2.0% Fish Meal 24.37 24.37 24.37 24.37 24.37 Soybean Meal 48.75 48.75 48.75 48.75 48.75 Maize 16.88 16.88 16.88 16.88 16.88 Lysine 2 2 2 2 2 Methionine 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Vitamin premix 1 1 1 1 1 Vitamin c 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Bone meal 1 1 1 1 1 Salt 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Palm oil 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Yeast 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 4.5 Experimental design Complete Randomized design (CRD) was employed. One hundred and fifty C. gariepinus fingerings were used for the treatment. Ten fish were randomly assigned to each 1 m2 hapa net. A total of 15 hapa net were used in polythene lined pond of 10 m × 7 m (l × b) and depth of 1.5 m, and the five formulated diets were fed at 5% body weight to the experimental fish for 8 weekss and the pond water was monitored daily. 4.6 Determination of nutrient contents The proximate composition of the diets and carcass composition of the fish was determined using the methods of the AOAC (2019).
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