International Journal of Aquaculture, 2026, Vol.16, No.3, 196-202 http://www.aquapublisher.com/index.php/ija 198 Table 2 Growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus feed diet containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Treatment Inclusion level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (%) Parameters 0% 0.5% 1% 1.5% 2.0% IW (g) 2.96±0.07a 2.93±0.07a 2.93±0.07a 3.13±0.07a 3.06±0.07a IL (cm) 7.11±0.15a 7.40±0.15a 7.60±0.15a 7.33±0.15a 7.70±0.15a FW (g) 48.34±8.47ab 71.59±8.47a 50.23±8.47ab 57.51±8.47ab 40.73±8.47b FL (cm) 19.00±0.96a 19.66±0.96a 19.33±0.96a 20.00±0.96a 19.33±0.96a MWG(g) 45.37±8.49ab 68.65±8.49a 47.30±8.49ab 54.37±8.49ab 37.66±8.49b PWG(%) 93.81±0.84ab 95.67±0.84a 94.13±0.84ab 93.90±0.84ab 92.23±0.84b SGR(%) 2.06±0.15ab 2.45±0.15a 2.12±0.15ab 2.06±0.15ab 1.82±0.15b CF 0.71±0.08ab 0.94±0.08a 0.69±0.08ab 0.68±0.08ab 0.58±0.08b SR(%) 100±11.83a 100±11.83a 96±11.83a 94±11.83a 96±11.83a PER 1.13±0.21ab 1.71±0.21a 1.18±0.21ab 1.35±0.21ab 0.94±0.21b FCR 0.70±0.25b 0.52±0.25bc 0.73±0.25b 1.51±0.25a 1.14±0.25ab Means within the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P>0.05) Table notes: SC=Saccharomyces cerevisiae, IW= initial weight, IL= initial length, FW= final weight, FL= final length, MWG=Mean weight gain, SGR=Specific growth rate, SR=Survival rate, PWG=Percentage weight gain, PER=Protein efficiency ratio, FCR =Feed conversion ratio, CF=Condition factor 2.3 Carcass composition of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diet The carcass composition of Clarias gariepinus fed the experimental diet is indicated in Table 3. The highest crude protein content recorded was 44.07% in the 1.5% inclusion level of S. cerevisiae, followed by 43.66% and 41.10% in the 0.5% and 2.0% inclusion levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. The lowest crude protein contents were recorded in the 1.0% and 0% inclusion levels, with values of 40.00% and 37.20%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 0.5% and 1.5% inclusion levels, but the 0%, 1.0%, and 2.0% inclusion levels showed significant differences with one another. The highest ether extract (fat) content recorded was 19.50% in the 1.5% inclusion level of S. cerevisiae, followed by 19.00% and 16.50% in the 0.5% and 2.0% inclusion levels of S. cerevisiae, respectively. The lowest ether extract (fat) contents were recorded in the 1.0% and 0% inclusion levels, with values of 14.00% and 10.00%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 0.5% and 1.5% inclusion levels, but the 0%, 1.0%, and 2.0% inclusion levels showed significant differences with one another. Table 3 Carcass composition of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diet Treatment Inclusion level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Parameters 0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% SEM MC 37.92b 25.33c 31.41d 33.32c 44.50a 0.02* CP 37.20d 43.66a 40.00c 44.07a 41.10b 0.26* EEF 10.00d 19.00a 14.00c 19.50a 16.50b 0.46* ASH 5.50a 1.00a 1.50a 1.00a 1.00a 0.48* NFE 9.38c 11.01a 13.09b 2.11d 10.5e 0.02* Means with the same superscript (s) across the same row are not significantly different (p >0.05) ± = Standard Error Mean Table notes: MC = moisture content, CP = crude protein, EEF= ether extract on fat, CF= crude fibre, NFE= Nitrogen Free Extract 2.4 Water quality parameters of culture medium The summary of the mean values of the water quality parameters of the culture medium are presented in Table 4. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the physico-chemical parameters observed in this study. The temperature ranged from 29.55℃~32.38℃, the pH ranged from 5.70 to 6.16, while the dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.99 to 5.85 mg/L.
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