International Journal of Molecular Zoology, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 20-28 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmz 23 white feathers. Yang et al. (2024) indicates that a 14-base insertion mutation on exon 3 of the EDNRB2 gene in Wugangtong geese is considered the direct cause of the new phenotype of white chest. Yang et al. (2022) found that a fixed SNP upstream of the EDNRB2 gene is associated with the white feather characteristics of gray geese. Frameshift mutations in the MLANA gene may lead to a sex-linked dilution phenotype. Genes such as KITLG, MITF and TYRP1 are also believed to be involved in regulating feather color (Ren et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2022; Wen et al., 2023). Figure 2 miRNA-mRNA interaction in embryonic skin and feather follicles development of Hungarian white goose (Adopted from Zhou et al., 2024) Image caption: (A) GO enrichment of miRNA-targeted genes. (B) KEGG enrichment of miRNA-targeted genes. (C) miRNA-mRNA regulation network (Adopted from Zhou et al., 2024) 4.3 Functional verification techniques Transcriptome analysis revealed that mutations in EDNRB2 and MLANA would lead to a decrease in the expression of some genes related to melanin synthesis and also affect the normal development of melanocytes. As
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