International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 261-268 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmvr 261 Feature Review Open Access Interactions Between African Swine Fever Virus and Host Cells: Mechanisms and Outcomes Xiaofang Lin Tropical Animal Medicine Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572000, Hainan, China Corresponding author: xiaofang.lin@hitar.org International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.6 doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2024.14.0030 Received: 12 Nov., 2024 Accepted: 13 Dec., 2024 Published: 26 Dec., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Lin, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Lin X.F., 2024, Interactions between African swine fever virus and host cells: mechanisms and outcomes, International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research, 14(6): 261-268 (doi: 10.5376/ijmvr.2024.14.0030) Abstract This study explores the complex interactions between ASFV and host cells, with a focus on the mechanisms of virus entry and replication, as well as the cellular and systemic outcomes of infection. It emphasizes how ASFV utilizes host cell mechanisms to manipulate immune responses and induce cytopathic effects, ultimately leading to disease progression. Future research priorities, including technological advancements and global management strategies, are discussed, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive approaches to mitigate the impact of African swine fever. A case study of a regional epidemic provides insights into host response and broader impacts on pig health, emphasizing the challenges of current control measures and the necessity of innovative vaccines and treatment strategies. This review aims to deepen our understanding of the biology of African swine fever virus and provide information for developing effective control and prevention measures. Keywords African swine fever virus (ASFV); Viral-host interactions; Immune evasion; Cytopathic effects; Disease control strategies 1 Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and lethal virus affecting domestic pigs and wild boars, causing a disease known as African swine fever (ASF) (Alonso et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2021). ASFV is a member of the Asfarviridae family and is characterized by its large, double-stranded DNA genome, which encodes a complex array of structural and nonstructural proteins (Galindo et al., 2015). The virus primarily targets macrophages, utilizing mechanisms such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis for entry into host cells (Chen et al., 2023). ASFV's ability to evade host immune responses and its high mortality rate, often reaching 100%, make it a significant threat to the global swine industry (Zhu et al., 2019). Research on ASFV has been intensifying due to its severe impact on the swine industry and the lack of effective vaccines or antiviral treatments (Dixon et al., 2019). Recent studies have focused on understanding the virus-host interactions, particularly the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that facilitate viral entry, replication, and immune evasion (Yang et al., 2021b; Dolata et al., 2023). Investigations have revealed that ASFV manipulates host cellular pathways, such as endocytosis and immune signaling, to establish infection and evade immune responses (Guo et al., 2021). Despite these advances, the molecular mechanisms underlying ASFV pathogenesis and immune evasion remain incompletely understood, highlighting the need for further research (Chen et al., 2022). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions between ASFV and host cells, with a focus on the mechanisms and outcomes of these interactions. By synthesizing current research results, it elucidates the molecular pathways utilized by ASFV during infection and identifies potential targets for therapeutic interventions, covering the entry mechanisms of the virus, manipulation of host cell processes, and their impact on cell survival and immune response. This study aims to contribute to the development of effective vaccines and antiviral strategies against ASFV. 2 Mechanisms of ASFV Entry into Host Cells 2.1 Viral attachment to host receptors African swine fever virus (ASFV) initiates infection by attaching to host cell receptors. The main capsid protein, p72, plays a crucial role in this process by binding to the host protein CD1d, which facilitates ASFV entry into
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