Animal Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 29-38 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 36 7.2 Advances in research on the interaction between genetics and nutrition Genetics are held accountable for chickens' sensitivity to changing diets, and attempts are being made persistently to decrease the feed management strategies based on genetic differences. Selective breeding has created populations of poultry with diverse growth characteristics and feed utilization differently, which demands modified nutrition strategies to maximize performance. Understanding the connection between genetic markers and metabolism will serve to enhance the feeding programs better (Zelenkova et al., 2021). In addition, the in vitro models of the gastrointestinal tract have been valuable in the study of nutrient digestion and absorption, as well as in attaining knowledge that will guide the formulation of improved poultry diets. Increased studies will keep enhancing feeding regimens for genetically diverse poultry flocks (Heidari et al., 2021). 7.3 Nutritional regulation and the development of antibiotic alternatives As the usage of antibiotics declines in the poultry industry due to concerns about antimicrobial resistance, researchers are turning to nutrition-driven solutions to guarantee health and performance of flocks. Functional feed additives like probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts are being researched for their ability to maintain gut integrity and enhance immunity, weaning the industry from antibiotics. In addition, supplementing with collagen has also proven to boost the growth of muscle and meat quality and may hence be looked up to as an alternative potential growth promoter naturally during broiler rearing. Increased research should come in handy for evaluating efficacy as well as its long-term outcomes to prevent further interference with animals' health as well as their productivity (De Carvalho et al., 2020). 8 Concluding Remarks Future trends in poultry nutrition are based on precision feeding and adjusting the level of nutrient consumption in relation to stages of growth. Feeding birds based on individual nutritional requirements enhances efficiency, diminishes waste, and decreases the production cost. A steady level of energy consumption and nutrient density needs to be maintained to optimize growth and muscle development in birds. In addition, the use of other proteins such as microalgae and insect protein is gaining ground as a viable substitute to reduce the use of conventional soybean-based feed. Emerging feed formulation technologies like linear programming and artificial neural networks have also proved promising in increasing efficiency and cutting costs in production. The technologies help to ensure that the chickens are fed with the appropriate amounts of nutrients for sound growth, and also improve feed conversion and general well-being. Intelligent feeding systems keep refining poultry management by dynamic and flexible feeding schemes that respond to fluctuating environmental and market situations. In the near future, research needs to keep developing precision nutrition strategies and investigating novel feed ingredients that are both sustainable and reduce environmental footprint. The improvement of feed formulation models will allow dietary adjustment to become more dynamic based on changing nutritional requirements of chickens during their lifecycle. Furthermore, the introduction of these technologies into commercial poultry farming should be aimed at making them available to producers of various scales. Further research proving a correlation between diet composition and gut health and general poultry welfare will be instrumental in facilitating feeding regimes that optimize productivity and animal welfare. Acknowledgments We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to all the teachers who have provided guidance for this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ajao A., and Olukosi O., 2024, Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, gut morphometrics, and gene expression of peptide and amino acid transporters in broiler chickens fed low-crude-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids with soybean meal, canola meal, or corn DDGS as protein feedstuffs, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 104(7): 4189-4200. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13300
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