Animal Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 19-28 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 23 Figure 2 Phylogenetic relationship and comparative genomics analyses (Adopted from Zhao et al., 2023) Image caption: (A) Venn diagram showing the orthologous gene families shared among the genomes of Lion-head goose, Zhedong white goose, chicken, duck, and turkey. (B) Phylogenetic tree with the divergence times and history of orthologous gene families. Numbers on the nodes represent divergence times. The numbers of gene families that expanded (green) or contracted (red) in each lineage after speciation are shown in the circles of the corresponding branch. (C) Gene comparison of homologous chromosomes between Lion-head goose and duck. Gray lines indicate collinearity between the genomes (Adopted from Zhao et al., 2023) 5.3 Polygenic adaptation and domestication syndrome The domestication of geese shows the characteristics of polygenic adaptation. Many genes, along with the pathways they are in, influence a series of traits, which are known as "domestication syndrome". Scientists have identified a large number of SNPS and haplotypes related to reproductive capacity, growth rate and meat quality through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), indicating that selection pressure acts on many different genetic loci. The frequencies of some key alleles increased rapidly during domestication, indicating that they underwent intense artificial selection. genetic hitchhiking also accelerated the evolution of these traits. The gene flow and hybridization between wild geese and domestic geese have been ongoing. This exchange has formed a complex genetic structure, which is helpful for maintaining and spreading some domesticated traits (Wen et al., 2021; Gao et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2024). 6 Population Genomics and Selection Signatures 6.1 Genetic diversity and bottleneck events Genomic analysis shows that the genetic diversity of native goose breeds in China is higher than that of European domestic geese, supporting the "dual origin" hypothesis that domestic geese originated fromAnser cygnoides and
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==