Animal Molecular Breeding, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 9-18 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 14 such as the growth performance of the parent population and its offspring (Samara et al., 2020). This strategy can gradually accumulate favorable alleles while maintaining the genetic diversity of the population and promote the continuous improvement of traits such as growth rate (Yoshida et al., 2021). Interspecific hybridization technology achieves trait complementarity by integrating the advantageous characteristics of different varieties. For instance, the all-male offspring produced by the hybridization of Nile tilapia with closely related species not only have a growth rate increased by more than 20%, but also exhibit enhanced salinity tolerance and survival ability (Herkenhoff et al., 2020; Mtaki et al., 2021). Such technologies can not only optimize the output efficiency of aquaculture, but also effectively prevent and control industrial pain points such as disorderly breeding and environmental adaptation (Mtaki et al., 2021). Table 1 Single nucleotide polymorphism o IGF-1gene in Tilapiaguineensis populations (Adopted from Ukenye et al., 2020) No Positiom SNP Mutation Population 1 2 T>G Transversion Badagry 2 14 T>A Transversion Badagry 3 19 A=C Transversion Badagry 4 21 A≥C Transversion Badagry 5 30 A>T Transversion Badagry 6 34 A≥C Transitions Badagry 7 35 C>A Transversion Badagry 8 36 T>C Transitions Badagry 9 38 T>C Transitions Badagry 10 43 A>T Transversion Badagry 11 56 T>A Transversion Badagry 12 58 G>C Transversion Badagry 13 62 A>T Transversion Badagry 14 64 T>C Transitions Badagry 15 72 C>A Transitions Badagry 16 78 A>T Transversion Badagry 17 89 G>T Transversion Badagry 18 93 T>A Transversion Badagry 19 115 GC Transversion Badagry 20 144 T>A Transversion Badagry 21 154 T>A Transversion Badagry 22 160 T>A Transversion Badagry 23 199 T>G Transversion Badagry 24 254 T>A Transversion Badagry 25 310 T>G Transversion Badagry 26 335 C>T Transitions Badagry 27 339 T>C Transitions Badagry 28 343 A≥C Transversion Badagry 29 356 G>A Transitions Badagry 30 1 T>G Transitions Badagry 31 4 C>A Transitions Badagry 32 20 A>T Transitions Badagry 33 3 T>A Transitions Badagry 34 4 C>A Tranversion Epe 6.2 Molecular markers and genomic breeding techniques Molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAS) and whole-genome selection (GS) significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of breeding. MAS achieves early screening of phenotypic undetectable traits such as meat quality by locating DNA markers associated with target traits (such as SNPS) (Herkenhoff et al., 2020; Abwao et al., 2021)
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==