Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 280-287 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 280 Feature Review Open Access Breeding for Hypoallergenic Traits in Cats: Genetic Insights TaoZhang Hangzhou Mono Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: dibada88_2m6@outlook.com Animal Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.4 doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0029 Received: 20 Jun., 2024 Accepted: 31 Jul., 2024 Published: 17 Aug., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhang T., 2024, Breeding for hypoallergenic traits in cats: genetic insights, Animal Molecular Breeding, 14(4): 280-287 (doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0029) Abstract This study explores the genetic mechanisms behind hypoallergenic traits in cats, focusing on the role of Fel d 1, genetic variations linked to hypoallergenic traits, and current breeding methods, examines selective breeding practices, including the development of hypoallergenic breeds such as the Siberian cat, and explore emerging genomic technologies like CRISPR and genetic testing and also addresses ethical and environmental concerns associated with hypoallergenic cat breeding, including welfare considerations. The findings highlight significant progress in hypoallergenic cat breeding, while also emphasizing the need for continued research to overcome challenges in genetics and breeding practices. Future efforts should focus on refining breeding strategies and developing more efficient genomic tools, with the ultimate goal of offering hypoallergenic pets to a broader population of allergy sufferers. Keywords Feline allergies; Hypoallergenic cats; Fel d 1; Genetic breeding; CRISPR gene editing 1 Introduction Feline allergies are a significant health concern, affecting over 10% of the global population. These allergies are primarily triggered by the major cat allergen Fel d 1, which can lead to respiratory issues such as rhinitis and asthma (Luzar et al., 2016; Lee et al., 2023). The prevalence of cat allergies has been increasing, with a notable impact on individuals' quality of life, often resulting in the avoidance of cat ownership or the relinquishment of cats to shelters (Sparkes, 2021). The allergenic activity of cat allergens, particularly Fel d 1, is well-documented, with studies showing that it binds to specific IgE antibodies in sensitized individuals, leading to allergic reactions (Kaiser et al., 2003; Trifonova et al., 2023). The development of hypoallergenic cats is crucial for allergy sufferers who wish to maintain a close relationship with their pets without experiencing adverse health effects. Hypoallergenic cats, such as those with reduced levels of Fel d 1, could significantly decrease allergic reactions in humans (Butt et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2023). Innovative approaches, including genetic modifications using CRISPR-Cas9 to create CH2 knockout cats with lower Fel d 1 levels, have shown promise in producing hypoallergenic cats. Additionally, immunization strategies that induce neutralizing antibodies against Fel d 1 in cats have been explored, potentially reducing allergen levels and alleviating symptoms in allergic individuals (Thoms et al., 2019; Thoms et al., 2020). This study attempts to explore the current understanding of feline allergies, discuss the impact of these allergies on human health, provide an overview of potential solutions for allergy sufferers through the development of hypoallergenic cats, examine recent advancements in allergen-specific immunotherapy and genetic engineering, aiming to provide insights into effective strategies for managing cat allergies and improving the quality of life for those affected. Additionally, this study will discuss the implications of these developments for cat ownership and the human-cat bond, highlighting the importance of continued research in this field. 2 Genetic Basis of Allergic Reactions in Humans 2.1 The role of Fel d 1 in cat allergies Fel d 1 is recognized as the primary allergen responsible for allergic reactions in humans to domestic cats. It is a low-molecular-weight protein that can cause severe allergic responses, including rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma (Lee et al., 2023). The protein is composed of two heterodimers and has a structure similar to uteroglobin,
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