Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 228-238 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 232 such as biosensors and wearable devices, allow for the continuous monitoring of animal health, enabling early detection of diseases like ketosis or mastitis. These innovations not only improve the effectiveness of disease management but also enhance the overall welfare of animals by reducing the need for invasive procedures and minimizing stress (Racewicz et al., 2021; Silva et al., 2022; Džermeikaitė et al., 2023). Figure 2 The application of AI in animal welfare (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2023) 5.5 Integrated health management systems Integrated health management systems combine various technological advancements, such as PLF, AI, and innovative veterinary practices, to create a comprehensive approach to animal health. These systems facilitate the seamless integration of data from multiple sources, providing a holistic view of animal health and welfare. By leveraging these integrated systems, farmers can make informed decisions, optimize disease prevention strategies, and ensure the well-being of their livestock (Benjamin and Yik, 2019; Buller et al., 2020; Racewicz et al., 2021; Silva et al., 2022). 6 Policy and Regulation 6.1 International guidelines and standards International guidelines and standards play a crucial role in the prevention and control of diseases to improve animal welfare. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is a key intergovernmental organization that sets global standards for animal welfare. Established in 1924, the OIE has 178 member countries and territories and has developed comprehensive guidelines that address various aspects of animal welfare, including the transport of animals, slaughter for food, disease control, and the use of animals in research and education (Littin et al., 2013). The OIE’s guiding principles for animal welfare emphasize the importance of disease prevention, veterinary treatment, appropriate shelter, and nutrition, ensuring that animals are healthy, comfortable, and able to express innate behaviors (Littin et al., 2013). In 2012, the OIE adopted 10 ‘General Principles for the Welfare of Animals in Livestock Production Systems’, which draw on extensive scientific research. These principles cover genetic selection, environmental influences, group management, air quality, access to feed and water, disease prevention, pain management, human-animal
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==