Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 196-206 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 196 Review Article Open Access Gene Expression Profiles in Heat-Stressed Dairy Cattle Xian Li, Yanlin Wang, Jia Chen Tropical Animal Resources Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572000, Hainan, China Corresponding author: jia.chen@hitar.org Animal Molecular Breeding, 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0021 Received: 03 Mar., 2024 Accepted: 25 Apr., 2024 Published: 07 May, 2024 Copyright © 2024 Li et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Li X., Wang Y.L., and Chen J., 2024, Gene expression profiles in heat-stressed dairy cattle, Animal Molecular Breeding, 14(3): 196-206 (doi: 10.5376/amb.2024.14.0021) Abstract Heat stress is a significant challenge in dairy cattle, impacting their physiological well-being, productivity, and overall health. Understanding the gene expression profiles in heat-stressed dairy cattle is crucial for developing effective management and breeding strategies. This study investigates the changes in gene expression in response to heat stress, focusing on the molecular mechanisms and key genes involved, and explores the physiological, behavioral, cellular, and molecular responses of dairy cattle to heat stress, with particular attention to heat shock proteins (HSPs) and their roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Through techniques such as RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, and bioinformatics analysis, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the gene expression changes under heat stress conditions, highlighting the impact on metabolic pathways and immune responses. A case study is presented to illustrate the practical implications of these findings for dairy production, emphasizing the potential for genetic selection for heat tolerance and the importance of appropriate nutrition and management practices. This study concludes with recommendations for future research, addressing unresolved questions and exploring emerging technologies that could enhance our understanding of gene expression in heat-stressed dairy cattle. Keywords Heat stress; Gene expression; Dairy cattle; Heat shock proteins; Transcriptomics 1 Introduction Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) refers to the use of advanced technologies and data-driven approaches to monitor and manage livestock production at an individual animal level. Since its inception in the early 2000s, PLF has evolved significantly, integrating various technological advancements such as sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data analytics to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of livestock farming (Halachmi and Guarino, 2016; Morrone et al., 2022). The primary goal of PLF is to optimize animal health, welfare, and productivity by providing real-time monitoring and control systems that allow farmers to make informed decisions (Vranken and Berckmans, 2017; Norton et al., 2019). The importance of PLF in modern agriculture cannot be overstated (Lovarelli et al., 2020). As global demand for animal products continues to rise, there is an increasing need for sustainable and efficient farming practices (Tzanidakis et al., 2023). PLF addresses this need by enabling precise management of livestock, which can lead to improved animal welfare, reduced environmental impact, and enhanced economic viability of farming operations (Werkheiser, 2018; Monteiro et al., 2021). By continuously monitoring individual animals, PLF technologies help in early detection of diseases, optimizing feeding strategies, and ensuring better reproductive management, thereby contributing to the overall sustainability of livestock farming (Vaintrub et al., 2020; Tzanidakis et al., 2021). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technology and its applications across diverse livestock production systems, exploring the current state of PLF, including the latest technological innovations and their practical applications in various agricultural environments, reviewing the benefits and challenges associated with PLF adoption, with a focus on its impact on animal welfare, farm productivity, and environmental sustainability, aiming to highlight the potential of PLF to transform modern livestock farming and identify areas for future research and development.
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