Animal Molecular Breeding 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 196-206 http://animalscipublisher.com/index.php/amb 203 competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks are key in regulating stress responses and lactation in heat-stressed cows. Genes associated with cellular stress response, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism were differentially expressed in peripheral white blood cells and milk somatic cells under heat stress. Genome-wide association studies have identified candidate genes such as LIF, OSM, and TXNRD2 that are involved in heat stress response. Additionally, miRNAs like bta-miR-146b and bta-miR-20b have been linked to progesterone biosynthesis and immune responses in heat-stressed cows. Proteomic analyses have shown that heat stress leads to a decrease in complement system proteins, indicating impaired immune function. To mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on dairy cattle, it is recommended to implement genetic selection for heat tolerance traits, such as rectal temperature, which has been shown to be heritable and genetically variable. Dietary interventions, such as the supplementation of rumen-protected tryptophan, can improve feed intake, milk yield, and stress resilience. Further research should focus on validating the identified candidate genes and miRNAs through functional studies to better understand their roles in heat stress response. Additionally, exploring the integration of multi-omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, will provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress in dairy cattle. Investigating the role of specific pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway and the complement and coagulation cascades, could lead to the development of targeted interventions to enhance heat tolerance. The findings from various studies underscore the complexity of the heat stress response in dairy cattle, involving a multitude of genetic, molecular, and physiological changes. By leveraging advanced genomic and proteomic technologies, researchers can identify key biomarkers and pathways that contribute to heat tolerance. Implementing these insights into breeding programs and management practices will be crucial for improving the resilience of dairy cattle to heat stress, thereby ensuring sustainable milk production in the face of global climate change. Continued interdisciplinary research efforts are essential to develop effective strategies to combat the challenges posed by heat stress in the dairy industry. Acknowledgements Sincerely thank the anonymous peer reviewers for their feedback on the manuscript on this platform. Conflict of Interest Disclosure Authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bohlouli, M., Halli, K., Yin, T., Gengler, N., and König S., 2022, Genome-wide associations for heat stress response suggest potential candidate genes underlying milk fatty acid composition in dairy cattle, Journal of Dairy Science, 105(4): 3323-3340. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-21152 Carabaño, M., Ramón, M., Díaz, C., Molina, A., Pérez-guzmán, M., and Serradilla, J., 2017, Breeding and genetics symposium: breeding for resilience to heat stress effects in dairy ruminants, a comprehensive review, Journal of Animal Science, 95(4): 1813-1826. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.1114 Choi W., Nejad J., Moon J., and Lee H., 2021, Dietary supplementation of acetate-conjugated tryptophan alters feed intake, milk yield and composition, blood profile, physiological variables, and heat shock protein gene expression in heat-stressed dairy cows, Journal of Thermal Biology, 98: 102949. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JTHERBIO.2021.102949 PMID: 34016366 Deb R., and Sengar, G., 2020, Expression pattern of bta-mir-2898 miRNA and their correlation with heat shock proteins during summer heat stress among native vs crossbred cattle, Journal of Thermal Biology, 94: 102771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102771 Deb R., Sajjanar B., Singh U., Kumar S., Singh R., Sengar G., and Sharma A., 2014, Effect of heat stress on the expression profile of Hsp90 among Sahiwal (Bos indicus) and Frieswal (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) breed of cattle: a comparative study, Gene, 536(2): 435-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.086 Fang H., Kang L., Abbas Z., Hu L., Chen Y., Tan X., Wang Y., and Xu Q., 2021, Identification of key genes and pathways associated with thermal stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of holstein dairy cattle, Frontiers in Genetics, 12: 662080. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.662080 PMID: 34178029 PMCID: PMC8222911
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==