Basic HTML Version
International Journal of Aquaculture 2012, Vol.2, No.3, 11
-
14
http://ija.sophiapublisher.com
13
2 Conclusion
The period of feeding was effective on the total
number of aerobic mesophilic and psychotrophic
bacteria in the samples of the intestines of trout fed
with different feeds at a very significant level (p<0.01).
Treatment had a significant effect (p<0.05) on these
microorganism groups. Although the lowest number
of mesophilic bacteria in the intestines was identified
in the probiotic group, the average value of this group
was similar to the average value of the prebiotic group.
The lowest value of psychotrophic bacteria was identified
again in the probiotic group; however, this mean value
and the mean value of the probiotic + prebiotic group
were not significantly different. The number of
psychotrophic bacteria in the treatment groups was
found to be approximately 2 logarithmic units higher than
the number of mesophilic bacteria in the treatment groups.
The number of lactic acid bacteria in the intestines
increased until the 30
th
day of feeding decreased on the
45
th
day and demonstrated an increase on the 60
th
day. Adding probiotic to the rainbow trout was
found to increase the number of lactic acid bacteria by
1 logarithmic unit. Probiotic (
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
)
caused a remarkable reduction in the number of
Enterobacteriaceae.
3 Materials and Methods
Rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
), with an average
weight of (100±10) g, supplied by Ataturk University
Faculty of Aquaculture, Research and Production Facility
were used as fish material in this research. A probiotic
bacteria level of 1×10
9
kob/g was used to prepare feed
with the probiotic (
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
DSM 7133),
and the 2% prebiotic rate was used to prepare feed with
the prebiotic (Mannan-Oligosaccharides). The same rates
were used in preparing feed with probiotic + prebiotic.
Assays consisted of four groups, including one control and
three treatments. Four hundred fish were randomly
distributed in 16 tanks, each consisting of 25 fishes. The
assay, based on five different days (0, 15
th
, 30
th
, 45
th
and
60
th
day) and four different treatment (control,
probiotic, prebiotic, and probiotic + prebiotic) in 5×4
factorial array, was implemented with double
repetition according to the assay plan related to full
chance. The feeding program was calculated
according to water temperature (10±1)
℃
and fish
weight for each diet, and feeding was performed
were taken on certain days of feeding by sampling in
this assay and intestinal flora was microbiologically
counted.
3.1 Microbial analysis
10 g fish intestinal flora was removed aseptically and
homogenized for 1 min in a Stomacher 400 (Lab
Stomacher Blander 400-BA7021, Sewardmedical) bag
containing 0.85% NaCl solution. Further decimal
dilutions were made and then 0.1 ml of each dilution
was pipetted onto the surface of plate count agar (PCA,
Merck). PCA plates were then incubated for 7 days at
10
℃
for psychrotorophic bacteria count and for 2 days
at 37
℃
for mesophilic bacteria count. Entero
bacteriaceae was determined in Violet-Red-Bile-Glucose
agar (VRBG-agar, Merck) plates incubated anaerobically at
30
℃
for 2 days. Lactic acid bacteria were determined
in MRS Agar (Oxoid) plates incubated anaerobically at
30
℃
for 72 h. All counts were expressed as log10 CFU/g.
3.2 Statistical analysis
Data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis in
SPSS 18.0 package program, and means of significant
variation origins were compared with the Duncan multi
comparison test. However, for the statistical analysis
of Enterobacteriaceae counts, < 2 log kob/g was taken
as 2 log kob/g.
Reference
Bagheri T., Hedayati S.A., Yavari V., Alizade M., and Farzanfar A., 2008,
Growth, survival and gut microbial load of rainbow trout
(
Onchorhynchus mykiss
) fry given diet supplemented with probioticduring
the two months of first feding, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences
,
8: 43-48
Barug D., Jong J., Kies A.K., and Verstegen M.W.A., eds., 2006,
Antimicrobial growth promoters. Where do we go from here?
Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp.422
Burr G., and Gathlin, D., 2005, Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal
tract of fish and the potential application of prebiotics and probiotics in
finfish aquaculture, Journal of the World Aquaculture Socıety, 36(4):
425-436 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2005.tb00390.x
Diler, Ö., and Diler A., 1998, Lake is fish zander (
Stizostedion lucioperca
L.1758) qualitative and quantitative changes in the gastro-intestinal
microflora, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22:
325-328
Dulluç A., 2010, The effects of Probiotic supplement feeding tilapia
(
Oreochromis niloticus
L.) and carp (
Cyprinus carpio
L. 1758) on
growth and feed offspring, PhD Thesis, Suleyman Demirel University,
Institute of Science, Isparta
İrianto A., and Austin B., 2002, Probiotics in aquaculture, Journal of Fish
Diseases, 25: 633-642 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00422.x
Korkut A.Y., Hoşsu B., and Ferhatoğlu M., 2003, Usage of probiotics in
aquaculture, Ege University Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 20 (3-4):
551-556
Öztürk F.Y., 2007, The use of probiotic
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Sea Bass
(
Dicentrarchus labrax
) as the effect on performance, PhD Thesis,
Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey