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International Journal of Aquaculture 2012, Vol.2, No.3, 11
-
14
http://ija.sophiapublisher.com
11
A Letter Open Access
The Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Rainbow Trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
)
Intestinal Flora
Gonca Alak
1
, Sükriye Aras Hisar
2
1. Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240-Erzurum, Turkey
2. Fishing and Processing Technology Department, Faculty of Fisheries, Çanakkale 18 Mart University, 17000-Çanakkale, Turkey
Corresponding author email:
galak@atauni.edu.tr
Authors
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2012, Vol.2, No.3 doi: 10.5376/ija.2012.02.0003
Received: 27 Jul., 2012
Accepted: 06 Aug., 2012
Published: 08 Aug, 2012
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction
in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Alak and Hisar, 2012, The Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Rainbow Trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) Intestinal Flora, International Journal of Aquaculture,
Vol.2, No.3 11-14 (doi: 10.5376/ija.2012. 02.0003)
Abstract
In this study, the effects of probiotic and/or prebiotic were used in raising rainbow trout on intestinal flora. Feeding with
probiotic and/or prebiotic added bait was effective on aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria,
Enterobacteriaceae at the p<0.01 or p<0.05 level. Feed mixtures including the probiotic caused a 1 logarithmic unit increase in the
number of lactic acid bacteria. The number of enterobacteriaceae was found to be at a lower level in the fish fed with the probiotic,
including feed compared to control and prebiotic groups.
Keywords
Rainbow trout; Probiotic; Probiotic; Lactic acid bacteria
Introduction
Some microorganisms present in the intestinal flora
play an important role in the rotting of fish. The
intestinal micro flora of aquatic animals is likely to
change fast with the ingestion of microorganisms in
the water. Some animal and plant derived inhibitor
elements (probiotic, prebiotic, organic acids and
various enzymes) that do not have any negative effects
on health are widely used to decrease the efficiency of
some microorganisms present in the fish’s intestinal
flora (Barug et al., 2006).
Probiotic and prebiotic usage in aquaculture is common;
however, use in Turkey is very new. In aquaculture,
research on the usage of probiotics in decreasing
the pathological bacteria load and improving the water
quality by balancing the bacteria population in the
water have been increasing and the use of probiotics
has become more and more common (Irianto and
Austin, 2002; Korkut et al., 2003; Vine et al., 2006).
Especially during recent years, biological principles-
oriented control systems (microbial cells such as enzymes,
lectins, receptors, and probiotics) are used in the
application of food safety. These studies are generally
performed
in vitro
in the food sector.
Many research studies have been performed on the
effects of probiotic and prebiotic use in aquaculture on
increased live weight, feed utilization, and the immune
system; however, the effects of probiotics and prebiotics
on the duration of the cold preservation of the fish has
not been studied in vivo yet. This present study is built
and implemented to observe the changes in the
intestinal flora of fish during periods of feeding with
probiotics and prebiotics that will have a very
important place in aquaculture in the future.
1 Result and Discussion
In the intestinal samples of rainbow trout (
O. mykiss
)
that were fed by different feeds, the total number of
aerobic bacteria at the beginning of the feeding was at
the 10
5
kob/g~10
6
kob/g level. The number was again
at the 10
5
kob/g~10
6
kob/g level after a 60-day period.
According to these results, the bacteria load in
mesophilic characteristics in the intestinal flora of
rainbow trout were around 10
5
kob/g~10
6
kob/g. Diler
and Diler (1998) found similar results in a study
performed on carp. However, the number of
psychotrophic bacteria that were in a lower level at the
beginning of feeding compared to mesophilic bacteria
increased parallel to the time elapsed. These results
are thought to be due to the temperature of the water
which was around 10
℃
during feeding. At the end of
the feeding period, there were differences among the
groups; however, the number of psychotrophic
bacteria had increased up to levels of 10
8
kob/g and